Desenvolvimento, modelagem e simulação do processo de extração e purificação de bixina de sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L.)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Com o objetivo de extrair e purificar a bixina de sementes de urucum, um novo processo baseado em extração alcalina, partição com sistemas aquosos bifásicos (SAB) e precipitação ácida foi desenvolvido em um simulador SuperPro Designer v. 7.0® (INTELLIGEN INC, USA). Para implementar o modelo, foram obtidos dados experimentais da lixiviação das sementes, extração líquida do pigmento em SAB e precipitação ácida. As sementes foram lixiviadas com soluções salinas alcalinas para a obtenção do extrato. Um planejamento fatorial de face centrada (DFFC) foi aplicado para investigar os efeitos da concentração de sal, pH e temperatura sobre o rendimento de extração do pigmento. Os maiores valores de rendimento foram obtidos quando se utilizou fosfato de potássio, concentração do sal de 20% (p/p), temperatura 25 o C e pH 9,0. O extrato obtido foi então purificado usando SAB composto por fosfato de potássio (14%) pH 9,0 e polietileno glicol 1500 mol/L (14%) e este processo revelou que o sal de norbixina particionou preferencialmente para a fase superior (Kp = 210,21). O estudo de precipitação demonstrou que à medida que o pH diminui (até pH 5,0), a concentração do sal de norbixina na fase superior do SAB diminui. A simulação do processo com 1 ton de sementes de urucum indicou que a planta tem capacidade para produzir mais de 1.900 kg/ano do produto principal (88% de norbixina). O preço de venda ($ 2.400/kg) foi determinado como parâmetro mais sensível na análise de sensibilidade. Baseado nos indices econômicos analisados o projeto mostrou-se atrativo. Palavras-chave: Urucum. Extração alcalina. SAB. SuperPro Designer.
To extract and purify bixin from annatto seeds, a new process based on alkaline extraction, partition with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and acid precipitation was developed on a SuperPro Designer v. 7.0® simulator. To implement the model, experimental data of seed leaching, liquid extraction in an ATPS and acid precipitation were determined. The seeds were leached using alkaline saline solutions and a face-centered factorial design (FCD) was applied to investigate the effects of salt concentration, pH and temperature on the yield of the dye extraction. The highest yields were obtained with potassium phosphate 20% (w/w), at 25 o C and pH 9.0. The extract was then purified using ATPS composed of potassium phosphate (14%) pH 9.0 and polyethylene glycol 1500 mol/L (14%) and norbixin salt preferentially partitioned to the top phase (Kp = 210.21). The acid precipitation demonstrated that, as the pH decreases, the concentration of norbixin salt in the top phase decreases. The process simulation with 1 t of annatto seeds showed that the plant has the capacity to produce more than 1,900.00 kg/year of the main product (88% of norbixin). The selling price ($ 2,400/kg) was the most sensitive parameter of the sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the project is attractive based on the economic indexes analyzed. Keywords: Annatto. Alkaline extraction. ATPS. SuperPro Designer.
To extract and purify bixin from annatto seeds, a new process based on alkaline extraction, partition with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and acid precipitation was developed on a SuperPro Designer v. 7.0® simulator. To implement the model, experimental data of seed leaching, liquid extraction in an ATPS and acid precipitation were determined. The seeds were leached using alkaline saline solutions and a face-centered factorial design (FCD) was applied to investigate the effects of salt concentration, pH and temperature on the yield of the dye extraction. The highest yields were obtained with potassium phosphate 20% (w/w), at 25 o C and pH 9.0. The extract was then purified using ATPS composed of potassium phosphate (14%) pH 9.0 and polyethylene glycol 1500 mol/L (14%) and norbixin salt preferentially partitioned to the top phase (Kp = 210.21). The acid precipitation demonstrated that, as the pH decreases, the concentration of norbixin salt in the top phase decreases. The process simulation with 1 t of annatto seeds showed that the plant has the capacity to produce more than 1,900.00 kg/year of the main product (88% of norbixin). The selling price ($ 2,400/kg) was the most sensitive parameter of the sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the project is attractive based on the economic indexes analyzed. Keywords: Annatto. Alkaline extraction. ATPS. SuperPro Designer.
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COLOSIMO, Débora Freitas. Desenvolvimento, modelagem e simulação do processo de extração e purificação de bixina de sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L.). 2021. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
