Os impactos sociais vivenciados pela pessoa idosa após o rompimento da barragem de Fundão no município de Mariana - MG
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A presente pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar quais foram os impactos sociais e econômicos vivenciados pelas pessoas idosas atingidas diretamente pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão, da empresa SAMARCO S.A., no município de Mariana, Minas Gerais (MG), que sofreram o deslocamento dos seus domicílios, de maneira abrupta, levando-as a viver em um novo território. A unidade de análise foi composta pela população de pessoas idosas atingidas, com impacto direto e deslocamento ocasionado pelo rompimento da barragem, cadastradas e atendidas pela Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social e Cidadania (SEDESC) da Prefeitura Municipal de Mariana. A pesquisa foi realizada em três momentos: o primeiro ocorreu com a identificação das pessoas idosas atingidas e que sofreram deslocamento do território. O segundo se deu a partir da entrevista semiestruturada, por meio da qual foi aplicado o roteiro de perguntas previamente definidas, trazendo uma amostra aleatória e representativa das pessoas idosas atingidas diretamente pelo rompimento da barragem. No terceiro momento foi realizada análise dos dados produzidos a partir da identificação do perfil das pessoas idosas atingidas e das informações obtidas na entrevista semiestruturada. Ao construir os caminhos pelos quais a pesquisa se propôs, foi necessário descrever: uma breve contextualização dos dois últimos grandes desastres tecnológicos ocorrido no país; a organização social do município de Mariana, MG; uma breve referência da Política Nacional de Assistência Social no Brasil; as Políticas Sociais de Proteção ao Idoso; os conceitos de Resiliência e Desastres; e, o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de campo. Assim, este estudo se trata de pesquisa qualitativa, mediante revisão narrativa a partir dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas, o que permitiu a estruturação de três artigos. Um deles foi configurado a partir da revisão sobre os conceitos de resiliência e desastres e outros dois artigos apresentaram os dados e resultados obtidos da pesquisa. Para iniciar o levantamento dos dados, foi solicitado à SEDESC a disponibilização do banco de dados das pessoas idosas atingidas, deslocadas e cadastradas nos serviços socioassistenciais do município. A partir da informação recebida de 78 pessoas idosas, selecionou-se a amostra de 50 atingidos, definidos a partir do método da amostra probabilística de Survey. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a partir de um roteiro e, para a organização dos dados obtidos, produção das planilhas e gráficos utilizou-se o software Excel. Os achados revelaram que os impactos sofridos pelas pessoas idosas atingidas perpassam pelo deslocamento ocasionado, a mudança abrupta de suas moradias, a perda dos vínculos sociais, comunitários e familiares, alcançando mudanças de ordem social e econômica. Nesse ínterim, também se percebeu a falta do conhecimento da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS), assim como a ausência da oferta dos serviços socioassistenciais do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), e das Políticas de Proteção à Pessoa Idosa. Nesse cenário, existe a oferta da proteção social via Auxílio Financeiro Emergencial (AFE) pela Fundação Renova como processo de reparação às famílias com perda de renda, que emerge como redução no gap desses aportes da proteção social. No entanto, essa ação não é suficiente para reduzir o adoecimento físico e mental gerado a grande parte das pessoas idosas e, tampouco, busca a superação dos impactos a partir da percepção e manifestação do processo de resiliência de alguns atingidos. Palavras-chave: Desastre. Pessoa Idosa. Proteção Social. Resiliência.
This research sought to identify and analyze what were the social and economic impacts experienced by the elderly people directly affected by the rupture of the Fundão dam, owned by the company SAMARCO SA, in the city of Mariana, Minas Gerais (MG), who suffered the displacement of their homes , abruptly, leading them to live in new territory. The unit of analysis was composed of the population of elderly people affected, with direct impact and displacement caused by the rupture of the dam, registered and attended by the Secretariat of Social Development and Citizenship (SEDESC) of the Municipality of Mariana. The research was carried out in three moments: the first occurred with the identification of the elderly people affected and who suffered displacement of the territory. The second took place from the semi-structured interview, through which the script of previously defined questions was applied, bringing a random and representative sample of the elderly people directly affected by the rupture of the dam. In the third moment, an analysis of the data produced based on the identification of the profile of the elderly people affected and the information obtained in the semi-structured interview was carried out. When constructing the paths through which the research was proposed, it was necessary to describe: a brief contextualization of the last two major technological disasters that occurred in the country; the social organization of the municipality of Mariana, MG; a brief reference to the National Social Assistance Policy in Brazil; Social Policies for the Protection of the Elderly; the concepts of Resilience and Disasters; and, the development of field research. Thus, this study is about qualitative research, through narrative review based on the data obtained in the interviews, which allowed the structuring of three articles. One of them was configured from the review on the concepts of resilience and disasters and two other articles presented the data and results obtained from the research. To start collecting the data, SEDESC was asked to make available the database of elderly people affected, displaced and registered with the social assistance services of the municipality. From the information received from 78 elderly people, a sample of 50 affected was selected, defined using the Survey's probabilistic sample method. Semi- structured interviews were carried out using a script and, for the organization of the data obtained, production of spreadsheets and graphs, the Excel software was used. The findings revealed that the impacts suffered by the elderly people affected include the displacement caused, the abrupt change in their homes, the loss of social, community and family ties, reaching changes in the social and economic order. In the meantime, there was also a lack of knowledge of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), as well as the lack of provision of social assistance services of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), and of the Policies for the Protection of the Elderly. In this scenario, the Renova Foundation offers social protection via Emergency Financial Aid (AFE) as a reparation process for families with income loss, which emerges as a reduction in the gap in these social protection contributions. However, this action is not enough to reduce the physical and mental illness generated by most elderly people, nor does it seek to overcome the impacts from the perception and manifestation of the resilience process of some affected. Keywords: Disaster. Elderly Person. Social Protection. Resilience.
This research sought to identify and analyze what were the social and economic impacts experienced by the elderly people directly affected by the rupture of the Fundão dam, owned by the company SAMARCO SA, in the city of Mariana, Minas Gerais (MG), who suffered the displacement of their homes , abruptly, leading them to live in new territory. The unit of analysis was composed of the population of elderly people affected, with direct impact and displacement caused by the rupture of the dam, registered and attended by the Secretariat of Social Development and Citizenship (SEDESC) of the Municipality of Mariana. The research was carried out in three moments: the first occurred with the identification of the elderly people affected and who suffered displacement of the territory. The second took place from the semi-structured interview, through which the script of previously defined questions was applied, bringing a random and representative sample of the elderly people directly affected by the rupture of the dam. In the third moment, an analysis of the data produced based on the identification of the profile of the elderly people affected and the information obtained in the semi-structured interview was carried out. When constructing the paths through which the research was proposed, it was necessary to describe: a brief contextualization of the last two major technological disasters that occurred in the country; the social organization of the municipality of Mariana, MG; a brief reference to the National Social Assistance Policy in Brazil; Social Policies for the Protection of the Elderly; the concepts of Resilience and Disasters; and, the development of field research. Thus, this study is about qualitative research, through narrative review based on the data obtained in the interviews, which allowed the structuring of three articles. One of them was configured from the review on the concepts of resilience and disasters and two other articles presented the data and results obtained from the research. To start collecting the data, SEDESC was asked to make available the database of elderly people affected, displaced and registered with the social assistance services of the municipality. From the information received from 78 elderly people, a sample of 50 affected was selected, defined using the Survey's probabilistic sample method. Semi- structured interviews were carried out using a script and, for the organization of the data obtained, production of spreadsheets and graphs, the Excel software was used. The findings revealed that the impacts suffered by the elderly people affected include the displacement caused, the abrupt change in their homes, the loss of social, community and family ties, reaching changes in the social and economic order. In the meantime, there was also a lack of knowledge of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), as well as the lack of provision of social assistance services of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), and of the Policies for the Protection of the Elderly. In this scenario, the Renova Foundation offers social protection via Emergency Financial Aid (AFE) as a reparation process for families with income loss, which emerges as a reduction in the gap in these social protection contributions. However, this action is not enough to reduce the physical and mental illness generated by most elderly people, nor does it seek to overcome the impacts from the perception and manifestation of the resilience process of some affected. Keywords: Disaster. Elderly Person. Social Protection. Resilience.
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GOMES, Sarah Oliveira. Os impactos sociais vivenciados pela pessoa idosa após o rompimento da barragem de Fundão no município de Mariana - MG. 2021. 97 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Doméstica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
