Evolução da ocorrência de fogo na América do Sul durante o Holoceno
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Data
2020-10-26
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A precessão orbital um dos ciclos de milankovitch impulsionou variações na insolação durante milênios aumentando assim a temperatura desde o Holoceno inicial na América do Sul. O fogo também respondeu a essa mudança climática assim como o impacto humano que ambos aumentaram ao longo do tempo. A ignição do fogo é caracterizada de duas maneiras: devido a causas antrópicas ou naturais. Os registros de carvão em todo o mundo têm sido utilizados para investigar essa atividade do fogo nos diferentes ambientes. Para identificar as causas do fogo natural o estudo por meio de proxies como pólen, espeleotemas, estudos do clima através de modelos de reconstruções auxiliam na compreensão. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo esclarecer as causas do fogo natural e antrópico na América do Sul. Para o presente estudo foram compiladas 63 amostras de carvão vegetal selecionadas para 6 regiões da América do Sul. Foram utilizados os sites de pólen e espeleotemas num total de 83 e 8 amostras respectivamente para avaliar as condições ambientais e climáticas de cada região. Os dados climáticos foram necessários para avaliar o clima de modo que seja mais ou menos propício ao fogo. Para melhor entendimento dos impactos antropogênicos 19 sítios arqueológicos disponíveis e datados foram explorados por meio da literatura especializada para relacionar o comportamento do fogo identificando onde e quando ocorreram a migração das pessoas desde o Holoceno inicial. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o clima foi mais seco em 12000 AP e posteriormente mais úmido durante o Holoceno tardio até o presente na maioria das regiões. Verificou-se que a ocorrência do fogo natural foi maior durante o Holoceno inicial e médio mostrando que o impacto humano se intensificou durante o Holoceno tardio favorecendo assim a maior quantidade de carvão e fogo. É observado ainda que o fogo de origem antrópica foi superior quantitativamente ao fogo natural mostrando que o homem foi modificando a paisagem ao longo do tempo. Palavras-chave: Fogo. Holoceno. Paleoclima.
Orbital precession one of the milankovitch cycles has driven variations in heat stroke over millennia, there by increasing the temperatures ince the initial Holocene in South America. Fire also responsed to this climate change as well as the human impact that both increased over time. The ignition of fire is characterized in two ways: due to anthropic or natural causes. Coal records around the world have been used to investigate this fire activity in different environments. To identify the causes of natural fire, the study through proxies such as pollen, speleothems, studies of the climate through reconstruction models help in understanding. In this context, this study aim and to clarify the causes of natural and man-made fire in South America by assessing factors related to human and natural occurrence through environmental systems. For the present study, 63 samples of charcoal selected for 6 regions of South America were compiled. The pollen and speleothems sites were used in a total of 83 and 8 samples respectively to assess the environmental and climatic conditions of each region. Climatic data was needed to assess the climate so that it is more or less conducive to fire. For a better understanding of anthropogenic impacts, 19 available and dated archaeological sites were explored through specialized literature to relate the behavior of fire, identifying where and when the migration of people occurred since the initial Holocene. The results obtained indicate that the climate was drier in 12000 AP and later more humid during the late Holocene until the present in most regions. It was found that the occurrence of natural fire was higher during the early and middle Holocene, showing that the human impact intensified during the late Holocene, thus favoring the greater amount of coal and fire. It is also observed that fire of anthropic origin was quantitatively superior to natural fire, showing that man has been changing the landscape over time. Keywords: Fire. Holocene. Paleoclimate.
Orbital precession one of the milankovitch cycles has driven variations in heat stroke over millennia, there by increasing the temperatures ince the initial Holocene in South America. Fire also responsed to this climate change as well as the human impact that both increased over time. The ignition of fire is characterized in two ways: due to anthropic or natural causes. Coal records around the world have been used to investigate this fire activity in different environments. To identify the causes of natural fire, the study through proxies such as pollen, speleothems, studies of the climate through reconstruction models help in understanding. In this context, this study aim and to clarify the causes of natural and man-made fire in South America by assessing factors related to human and natural occurrence through environmental systems. For the present study, 63 samples of charcoal selected for 6 regions of South America were compiled. The pollen and speleothems sites were used in a total of 83 and 8 samples respectively to assess the environmental and climatic conditions of each region. Climatic data was needed to assess the climate so that it is more or less conducive to fire. For a better understanding of anthropogenic impacts, 19 available and dated archaeological sites were explored through specialized literature to relate the behavior of fire, identifying where and when the migration of people occurred since the initial Holocene. The results obtained indicate that the climate was drier in 12000 AP and later more humid during the late Holocene until the present in most regions. It was found that the occurrence of natural fire was higher during the early and middle Holocene, showing that the human impact intensified during the late Holocene, thus favoring the greater amount of coal and fire. It is also observed that fire of anthropic origin was quantitatively superior to natural fire, showing that man has been changing the landscape over time. Keywords: Fire. Holocene. Paleoclimate.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fogo, Paleoclimatologia
Citação
PRADO, Guilherme Mapa Souza. Evolução da ocorrência de fogo na América do Sul durante o Holoceno. 2020. 98 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Meteorologia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.