Proposta de simplificação do RTQ-R
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Data
2016-06-09
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O consumo energético residencial vem crescendo nos últimos anos e, no Brasil, ações que visam o incremento da eficiência energética nestas edificações resultaram no Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edificações Residenciais (RTQ-R). O regulamento consiste em uma certificação nacional pertencente ao Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem do Inmetro e apresenta os métodos prescritivo e de simulação para avaliação do desempenho energético: o primeiro a faz através de equações; o segundo avalia o desempenho por meio de simulação computacional. A efetividade do RTQ-R depende de métodos apropriados de avaliação e sua aceitação pelo mercado. Entretanto, foi constatada baixa aplicabilidade do RTQ-R ao longo dos cinco anos em que o regulamento se encontra em vigor. Partindo-se da hipótese de que a certificação apresenta margem de simplificação, este trabalho propõe um método de avaliação simplificado do nível de eficiência energética para edificações naturalmente ventiladas do setor residencial para o PBE Edifica. A proposta focou na simplificação do cálculo do equivalente numérico da envoltória (EqNumEnv) e do dimensionamento do sistema de aquecimento solar. O método consiste na definição de modelos representativos das edificações residenciais brasileiras existentes; na análise da influência das variáveis da equação do método prescritivo nos indicadores de consumo do RTQ-R; e no desenvolvimento e validação do método de avaliação proposto a partir da comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo método atual e o proposto. A simplificação do EqNumEnv resultou em equações reduzidas que variam de acordo com a tipologia e zona bioclimática (ZB) da edificação avaliada. A proposta foi validada com um percentual de convergência dos resultados variando de 97% a 100%, de acordo com a ZB analisada. A proposta para o sistema de aquecimento de água consistiu na adaptação do cálculo da fração solar anual, realizado por meio dos dados mensais, pelo cálculo da fração solar a partir dos dados das médias anuais. A eficácia do método foi verificada para dezesseis casos e a diferença média dos resultados do método simplificado e do vigente foi de 0,00905. Espera-se que o método simplificado contribua para a consolidação do RTQ-R no território nacional.
The residential energy consumption has been growing in recent years and, in Brazil, some actions that aimed to increase energy efficiency in buildings resulted in the Technical Quality Requirements for Energy Efficiency Level of Residential Buildings (RTQ-R). The regulation is a national certification that is part of the the Brazilian Labeling Program of Inmetro and it presentes a prescriptive and a simulation method to evaluate the energy performance: the first is through equations; the second is through computer simulation. The effectiveness of RTQ-R depends on appropriate evaluation methods and its acceptance by the building market. However, a low use of RTQ-R was observed over the five years in which the regulation is active. Starting from the hipothesis that the certification presents scope that can be simplified, this study proposes a simplified method of evaluating the energy efficiency level for naturally ventilated buildings in the residential sector for PBE Edifica. The proposal was to simplify the calculation of the numerical equivalent of the envelope (EqNumEnv) and the water heating system. The method consists in defining representative models of existing Brazilian residential buildings; analysis of the influence of the variables of the prescriptive method equation in consumption indicators RTQ-R; and the development and validation of the proposed evaluation method from the comparison between the results obtained by the present method and the proposed. The simplification of EqNumEnv resulted in reduced equations that vary with the type and bioclimatic zone (ZB) of evaluated building. The proposal has been validated as a percentage of convergence of results ranging of 97% to 100%, according to ZB analyzed. The proposal for the water heating system was adaptation of the calculation of annual solar fraction, conducted through monthly data, by calculating the solar fraction from the annual data. He effectiveness of the method was verified in sixteeen cases and the average difference of the results of simplified method and of current was 0,00905. It is expected that the simplified method enables the consolidation of the RTQ-R in Brasil.
The residential energy consumption has been growing in recent years and, in Brazil, some actions that aimed to increase energy efficiency in buildings resulted in the Technical Quality Requirements for Energy Efficiency Level of Residential Buildings (RTQ-R). The regulation is a national certification that is part of the the Brazilian Labeling Program of Inmetro and it presentes a prescriptive and a simulation method to evaluate the energy performance: the first is through equations; the second is through computer simulation. The effectiveness of RTQ-R depends on appropriate evaluation methods and its acceptance by the building market. However, a low use of RTQ-R was observed over the five years in which the regulation is active. Starting from the hipothesis that the certification presents scope that can be simplified, this study proposes a simplified method of evaluating the energy efficiency level for naturally ventilated buildings in the residential sector for PBE Edifica. The proposal was to simplify the calculation of the numerical equivalent of the envelope (EqNumEnv) and the water heating system. The method consists in defining representative models of existing Brazilian residential buildings; analysis of the influence of the variables of the prescriptive method equation in consumption indicators RTQ-R; and the development and validation of the proposed evaluation method from the comparison between the results obtained by the present method and the proposed. The simplification of EqNumEnv resulted in reduced equations that vary with the type and bioclimatic zone (ZB) of evaluated building. The proposal has been validated as a percentage of convergence of results ranging of 97% to 100%, according to ZB analyzed. The proposal for the water heating system was adaptation of the calculation of annual solar fraction, conducted through monthly data, by calculating the solar fraction from the annual data. He effectiveness of the method was verified in sixteeen cases and the average difference of the results of simplified method and of current was 0,00905. It is expected that the simplified method enables the consolidation of the RTQ-R in Brasil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arquitetura e conservação de energia, Arquitetura de habitação, Energia - Conservação, Energia elétrica
Citação
TELLES, Carolina de Paula. Proposta de simplificação do RTQ-R. 2016. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2016.