O transportador mitocondrial AAC1 como componente da resposta bioenergética ao alumínio em arabidopsis thaliana
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A toxicidade por alumínio (Al3+) é uma das principais limitações ao crescimento vegetal em solos ácidos, afetando principalmente o sistema radicular, a absorção de água e nutrientes e a homeostase celular. A tolerância ao Al3+ envolve ajustes metabólicos com elevado custo energético, incluindo a produção e exsudação de ácidos orgânicos derivados do metabolismo mitocondrial. Nesse contexto, os transportadores mitocondriais de adenilatos podem atuar na resposta das plantas a esse estresse. Os transportadores AACs, do inglês ADP/ATP carriers, realizam a troca de ATP e ADP através da membrana interna mitocondrial, conectando a fosforilação oxidativa aos processos celulares dependentes de energia. No entanto, sua participação na resposta ao Al3+ ainda é pouco compreendida. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o papel do transportador mitocondrial AAC1 na resposta bioenergética de Arabidopsis thaliana à acidez e ao alumínio. Foram realizadas análises in silico de expressão e coexpressão gênica, além da caracterização fisiológica de linhagens com baixa expressão de AAC1. As plantas foram avaliadas em pH 5,7 sem Al3+, pH 4,0 sem Al3+ e pH 4,0 suplementado com 300 μM de Al3+. Foram analisados germinação, crescimento radicular, biomassa, acúmulo de Al3+ no ápice radicular, atividade respiratória e produção de superóxido. As análises in silico indicaram maior expressão de AAC1 em tecidos vegetativos e associação positiva com genes do ciclo dos ácidos tricarboxílicos. A redução da expressão de AAC1 não comprometeu significativamente a germinação. No entanto, as linhagens deficientes apresentaram menor crescimento radicular e menor acúmulo de biomassa, especialmente sob pH ácido e Al3+. Além disso, exibiram alterações na atividade respiratória e maior produção de superóxido sob estresse por alumínio. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que AAC1 contribui para a manutenção da homeostase energética e redox mitocondrial, atuando como componente da resposta bioenergética ao Al3+ em Arabidopsis thaliana. Palavras-chaves: metabolismo energético; mitocôndria; alumínio; transportadores de adenilatos.
Aluminum (Al3+) toxicity is one of the main limitations to plant growth in acidic soils, mainly affecting the root system, water and nutrient uptake, and cellular homeostasis. Al3+ tolerance involves metabolic adjustments with high energy costs, including the production and exudation of organic acids derived from mitochondrial metabolism. In this context, mitochondrial adenylate transporters may play an important role in plant responses to this stress. AACs, or ADP/ATP carriers, mediate the exchange of ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, connecting oxidative phosphorylation to energy-dependent cellular processes. However, their participation in the response to Al3+ remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of the mitochondrial transporter AAC1 in the bioenergetic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to acidity and aluminum. For this purpose, in silico analyses of gene expression and co-expression were performed, together with the physiological characterization of lines with low AAC1 expression. Plants were evaluated under pH 5.7 without Al3+, pH 4.0 without Al3+, and pH 4.0 supplemented with 300 μM Al3+. Germination, root growth, biomass accumulation, Al3+ accumulation in the root apex, respiratory activity, and superoxide production were analyzed. The in silico analyses indicated higher AAC1 expression in vegetative tissues and a positive association with genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Reduced AAC1 expression did not significantly impair germination. However, deficient lines showed reduced root growth and lower biomass accumulation, especially under acidic pH and Al3+. In addition, these lines exhibited changes in respiratory activity and higher superoxide production under aluminum stress. Taken together, the results suggest that AAC1 contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial energy and redox homeostasis, acting as a component of the bioenergetic response to Al3+ in Arabidopsis thaliana. Keywords: energy metabolism; mitochondria; aluminum; adenylate transporters.
Aluminum (Al3+) toxicity is one of the main limitations to plant growth in acidic soils, mainly affecting the root system, water and nutrient uptake, and cellular homeostasis. Al3+ tolerance involves metabolic adjustments with high energy costs, including the production and exudation of organic acids derived from mitochondrial metabolism. In this context, mitochondrial adenylate transporters may play an important role in plant responses to this stress. AACs, or ADP/ATP carriers, mediate the exchange of ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, connecting oxidative phosphorylation to energy-dependent cellular processes. However, their participation in the response to Al3+ remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of the mitochondrial transporter AAC1 in the bioenergetic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to acidity and aluminum. For this purpose, in silico analyses of gene expression and co-expression were performed, together with the physiological characterization of lines with low AAC1 expression. Plants were evaluated under pH 5.7 without Al3+, pH 4.0 without Al3+, and pH 4.0 supplemented with 300 μM Al3+. Germination, root growth, biomass accumulation, Al3+ accumulation in the root apex, respiratory activity, and superoxide production were analyzed. The in silico analyses indicated higher AAC1 expression in vegetative tissues and a positive association with genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Reduced AAC1 expression did not significantly impair germination. However, deficient lines showed reduced root growth and lower biomass accumulation, especially under acidic pH and Al3+. In addition, these lines exhibited changes in respiratory activity and higher superoxide production under aluminum stress. Taken together, the results suggest that AAC1 contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial energy and redox homeostasis, acting as a component of the bioenergetic response to Al3+ in Arabidopsis thaliana. Keywords: energy metabolism; mitochondria; aluminum; adenylate transporters.
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Citation
GOMES, Bruno Jerônimo do Nascimento. O transportador mitocondrial AAC1 como componente da resposta bioenergética ao alumínio em arabidopsis thaliana. 2026. 32 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
