Efeito de probióticos e óxido de zinco na saúde e morfologia intestinal de leitões em fase de creche
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2021-07-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos probióticos B. amyloliquefaciens (B.Amy) e B. subtilis (B.Sub) como alternativas ao óxido de zinco (ZnO) para leitões na fase de creche, sobre o desempenho, morfologia intestinal e expressão gênica associada à integridade epitelial e ativação do sistema imunológico. Foram utilizados 180 leitões, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, com peso médio inicial de 6,2 ± 0,85 kg distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados por peso inicial como controle local, com 9 repetições e 4 tratamentos: dieta controle (Controle), controle + 2,0 g/kg de zinco (ZnO), Controle + 1,0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens (B.Amy); e Controle + 1,0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens + 0,5 g/kg B. subtilis (B.Amy + B.Sub), por um período experimental de 41 dias (21 aos 62 dias de idade). Um animal de cada unidade experimental foi abatido aos 42 dias de idade para coleta de amostras intestinais. Não foi observado efeito (P > 0,05) das dietas ZnO, B.Amy ou B.Amy + B.Sub sobre o consumo de ração médio diário, ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e peso médio nos três períodos avaliados. Animais suplementados com ZnO apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta no íleo (P < 0,05) em comparação aos animais suplementados com B.Amy, além disso, houve redução no número de células apoptóticas no íleo (P < 0,05) e aumento da proliferação dos enterócitos no jejuno (P < 0,05), em comparação aos animais do tratamento Controle. A suplementação dos diferentes probióticos tiveram efeito similar ao ZnO e superior ao Controle (P < 0,05) no aumento da proliferação celular no jejuno. Neste mesmo tecido, B.Amy + B.Sub apresentaram menor abundância relativa de mRNA para o gene NF-kB (P = 0,05), quando comparado ao Controle. Conclui-se que a inclusão dos probióticos B.Amy e B.Sub, na dieta de leitões, podem resultar no estímulo à integridade intestinal e na diminuição das respostas inflamatórias. Palavras-chave: Probióticos. Óxido de Zinco. Leitões desmamados. Saúde intestinal.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis as alternatives to zinc oxide (ZnO) for weaned piglets on performance, intestinal morphology and gene expression associated with epithelial integrity and activation of immune system. One hundred and eighty piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with 6.2 ± 0.85 kg of average body weight were distributed in a randomized block design, according to body weight, with 9 replications and 4 treatments: diet without supplementation of zinc oxide and probiotics (Control), Control + 2.0 g/kg zinc (ZnO), Control + 1.0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens (B.Amy); and Control + 1.0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens + 0.5 g/kg B. subtilis (B.Amy + B.Sub). The trial lasted for 41 days (21 to 62 days of age). One animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered at 42 days of age to collect intestinal samples. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of ZnO, B.Amy or B.Amy + B.Sub diets on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion and average body weight in any of the three phases evaluated. Animals supplemented with ZnO had higher villus:crypt ratio in the ileum (P < 0.05) compared to animals supplemented with B.Amy, in addition, there was a reduction in number of apoptotic cells in the ileum (P < 0.05) and an increase of enterocytes proliferation in the jejunum (P < 0.05) compared to control piglets. Supplementation of different probiotics had similar effect to ZnO and superior to Control (P < 0.05) in increasing cell proliferation in the jejunum. In addition, B.Amy + B.Sub diets presented lower mRNA relative abundance for NF-kB (P = 0.05) in the jejunum compared to Control. In conclusion, the inclusion of probiotics B.Amy and B.Sub in the piglets’ diet, improves intestinal integrity and reduces inflammatory responses. Keywords: Probiotics. Zinc oxide. Weaned piglets. Intestinal health.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis as alternatives to zinc oxide (ZnO) for weaned piglets on performance, intestinal morphology and gene expression associated with epithelial integrity and activation of immune system. One hundred and eighty piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with 6.2 ± 0.85 kg of average body weight were distributed in a randomized block design, according to body weight, with 9 replications and 4 treatments: diet without supplementation of zinc oxide and probiotics (Control), Control + 2.0 g/kg zinc (ZnO), Control + 1.0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens (B.Amy); and Control + 1.0 g/kg B. amyloliquefaciens + 0.5 g/kg B. subtilis (B.Amy + B.Sub). The trial lasted for 41 days (21 to 62 days of age). One animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered at 42 days of age to collect intestinal samples. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of ZnO, B.Amy or B.Amy + B.Sub diets on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion and average body weight in any of the three phases evaluated. Animals supplemented with ZnO had higher villus:crypt ratio in the ileum (P < 0.05) compared to animals supplemented with B.Amy, in addition, there was a reduction in number of apoptotic cells in the ileum (P < 0.05) and an increase of enterocytes proliferation in the jejunum (P < 0.05) compared to control piglets. Supplementation of different probiotics had similar effect to ZnO and superior to Control (P < 0.05) in increasing cell proliferation in the jejunum. In addition, B.Amy + B.Sub diets presented lower mRNA relative abundance for NF-kB (P = 0.05) in the jejunum compared to Control. In conclusion, the inclusion of probiotics B.Amy and B.Sub in the piglets’ diet, improves intestinal integrity and reduces inflammatory responses. Keywords: Probiotics. Zinc oxide. Weaned piglets. Intestinal health.
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Suínos - Alimentação e rações, Probióticos, Óxido de Zinco, Intestinos
Citação
GOMES, Maykelly da Silva. Efeito de probióticos e óxido de zinco na saúde e morfologia intestinal de leitões em fase de creche. 2021. 29 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.