Difusão de inovações em redes de influência social
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Nos últimos anos a teoria sobre difusão de inovações tem sido aperfeiçoada pela incorporação das técnicas e ferramentas geradas pela análise de redes sociais (social network analysis). Os modelos desenvolvidos neste campo consideram que os indivíduos tendem a ser afetados pelas opiniões e comportamentos de outros indivíduos que pertencem a sua rede de influência ou que ocupem uma posição de destaque no sistema social. Deste modo, este trabalho se propõe a resumir o estado atual do conhecimento sobre o assunto, com o objetivo de analisar como as características das redes de inter-relações sociais afetam o processo de difusão de inovações. Para simular a formulação de políticas capazes de acelerar a difusão de novas tecnologias e/ou comportamentos considerados desejáveis em diferentes redes sociais foi utilizada a técnica de modelagem baseada em agentes. Os resultados gerais indicam que a difusão está positivamente associada à presença de indivíduos de destaque no network, entretanto, a influência dos líderes de opinião para desencadear o processo de difusão é importante em sistemas centralizados e dissortativos. E quanto mais conectado o network, menor a massa crítica requerida para desencadear o processo de difusão. Os mecanismos de análise desenvolvidos neste trabalho também podem ter aplicações fora do âmbito da difusão de inovações. Um possível campo de aplicação seria finanças e políticas sociais e de saúde pública.
In recent years the theory of diffusion of innovations has been improved by the incorporation of techniques and tools generated by social network analysis. The models developed in this field consider that individuals tend to be affected by the opinions and behaviors of other individuals belonging to their network of influence or holding a prominent position in the social system. Therefore, this paper proposes to summarize the current state of knowledge on the subject, with the aim of examining how the characteristics of the networks of social interrelations affect the process of diffusion of innovations. To simulate the formulation of policies to accelerate diffusion of new technologies and/or behaviors considered desirable in different networks the technique of agent- based modeling was used. The results indicate that diffusion is positively associated with the presence of prominent individuals in the network; however, the influence of opinion leaders, to initiate the process of diffusion is important in networks such as high centralization and dissortativity. And the more connected the network, lower is the critical mass required to trigger the process of diffusion. Analysis mechanisms developed in this work may also have applications outside the scope of diffusion of innovations. A possible field of application would finance and social and public health policies.
In recent years the theory of diffusion of innovations has been improved by the incorporation of techniques and tools generated by social network analysis. The models developed in this field consider that individuals tend to be affected by the opinions and behaviors of other individuals belonging to their network of influence or holding a prominent position in the social system. Therefore, this paper proposes to summarize the current state of knowledge on the subject, with the aim of examining how the characteristics of the networks of social interrelations affect the process of diffusion of innovations. To simulate the formulation of policies to accelerate diffusion of new technologies and/or behaviors considered desirable in different networks the technique of agent- based modeling was used. The results indicate that diffusion is positively associated with the presence of prominent individuals in the network; however, the influence of opinion leaders, to initiate the process of diffusion is important in networks such as high centralization and dissortativity. And the more connected the network, lower is the critical mass required to trigger the process of diffusion. Analysis mechanisms developed in this work may also have applications outside the scope of diffusion of innovations. A possible field of application would finance and social and public health policies.
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ARAÚJO JÚNIOR, Inácio Fernandes de. Diffusion of innovations in influence social networks. 2014. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento econômico e Políticas públicas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2014.
