Fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos e à funcionalidade em pessoas idosas de um município de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais: estudo transversal
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O Brasil vivencia uma rápida transição demográfica que amplia a prevalência de doenças crônicas e a necessidade de polifarmácia. Esse cenário, agravado por alterações fisiológicas do envelhecimento e pela fragmentação da assistência à saúde, torna os idosos mais vulneráveis a reações adversas e ao uso de medicamentos potencialmente inadequados. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de descrever o perfil farmacoterapêutico de idosos em um município de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais, identificando fragilidades locais para orientar ações de qualificação do cuidado e promoção da segurança no tratamento. Se trata de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, analítico e transversal, realizado com idosos de 75 a 80 anos cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município de pequeno porte em Minas Gerais. A amostra totalizou 160 participantes, sendo 66,25% residentes da área urbana, selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples proporcional. A coleta de dados ocorreu em domicílio, mediante entrevistas estruturadas e aplicação do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 (IVCF- 20). Foram investigados o perfil sociodemográfico e a gestão medicamentosa através de questionários próprios e verificação de receitas e fármacos. As interações medicamentosas foram identificadas e classificadas quanto à gravidade utilizando a ferramenta Drug Interactions (DynaMed). Dos 160 idosos avaliados, prevaleceram indivíduos do sexo feminino (54,38%), de 75 a 84 anos (98,75%) e aposentados (94,38%). Metade da amostra (50%) possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto. A prevalência do uso de medicamentos foi de 93,75%, com 48,13% em polifarmácia (5 fármacos). Identificou-se que 58,67% utilizavam Medicamentos Potencialmente Inadequados, segundo os Critérios de Beers. As classes mais frequentes foram anti- hipertensivos (73,13%) e diuréticos (45,00%), destacando-se a Losartana (8,60%). O risco de interação medicamentosa de alto grau atingiu 33,13% da amostra. Pelo Instrumento de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional-20, 45,0% apresentavam risco de fragilização e 11,3% eram frágeis. Verificou-se correlação positiva (p-valor <0,01) entre o declínio funcional, o número de medicamentos, e o risco de interações. A regressão logística revelou que idade avançada (OR 1,39), polifarmácia (OR 1,59) e necessidade de terceiros para obter medicamentos (OR 3,39) foram fatores significativamente associados à pior funcionalidade. O estudo demonstrou que quanto maior o número total de medicamentos, maior a exposição a classes farmacológicas, bem como interações medicamentosas de alto risco, são determinantes significativos da perda funcional em idosos. A alta incidência de critérios de Beers e a dependência de terceiros para a obtenção de fármacos sinalizaram fragilidades na gestão do cuidado. Diante disso, é urgente a implementação de protocolos de segurança medicamentosa na Atenção Primária, visando mitigar riscos iatrogênicos e qualificar a assistência farmacêutica direcionada ao idoso em processo de fragilização. Palavras-chave: idoso; polimedicação; fragilidade
Brazil is undergoing a rapid demographic transition, increasing the prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for polypharmacy. This scenario, exacerbated by physiological changes of aging and fragmented healthcare, makes older adults more vulnerable to adverse reactions and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). To describe the pharmacotherapeutic profile of older adults in a small town in Minas Gerais, identifying local weaknesses to guide care qualification and treatment safety. A quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted with older adults aged 75 to 80 registered in the Family Health Strategy. The sample, calculated via OpenEpi software (95% CI), totaled 173 participants, selected through proportional simple random sampling. Data collection occurred at home through structured interviews and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20). Sociodemographic profiles and medication management were investigated using specific questionnaires and the verification of prescriptions and drugs. Drug interactions were identified and classified by severity using the Drug Interactions tool (DynaMed). Of the 160 older adults evaluated, 66.25% resided in urban areas and 54.38% were female. Individuals aged 75 to 84 predominated (98.75%), as did retirees (94.38%) and those with incomplete primary education (50%). Medication use prevalence was 93.75%, with 48.13% involving polypharmacy (>5 drugs). It was found that 58.67% used PIMs according to the Beers Criteria. The most frequent classes were antihypertensives (73.13%) and diuretics (45.00%), notably Losartan (8.60%). High-grade drug interaction risk reached 33.13% of the sample. According to the IVCF-20, 45.0% were at risk of frailty and 11.3% were frail. A positive correlation (p-value <0,01) was found between functional decline, the number of medications, and the risk of interactions. Logistic regression revealed that advanced age (OR 1.39), polypharmacy (OR 1.59), and the need for third parties to obtain medications (OR 3.39) were significantly associated with worse functionality. The study demonstrates that polypharmacy and exposure to high-risk drug interactions are significant determinants of functional loss in older adults. The high incidence of Beers Criteria and dependence on others to obtain drugs signal weaknesses in care management. Therefore, it is urgent to implement medication safety protocols in Primary Care to mitigate iatrogenic risks and qualify pharmaceutical care directed at older adults in the frailty process. Keywords: aged; polypharmacy; frailty
Brazil is undergoing a rapid demographic transition, increasing the prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for polypharmacy. This scenario, exacerbated by physiological changes of aging and fragmented healthcare, makes older adults more vulnerable to adverse reactions and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). To describe the pharmacotherapeutic profile of older adults in a small town in Minas Gerais, identifying local weaknesses to guide care qualification and treatment safety. A quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted with older adults aged 75 to 80 registered in the Family Health Strategy. The sample, calculated via OpenEpi software (95% CI), totaled 173 participants, selected through proportional simple random sampling. Data collection occurred at home through structured interviews and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20). Sociodemographic profiles and medication management were investigated using specific questionnaires and the verification of prescriptions and drugs. Drug interactions were identified and classified by severity using the Drug Interactions tool (DynaMed). Of the 160 older adults evaluated, 66.25% resided in urban areas and 54.38% were female. Individuals aged 75 to 84 predominated (98.75%), as did retirees (94.38%) and those with incomplete primary education (50%). Medication use prevalence was 93.75%, with 48.13% involving polypharmacy (>5 drugs). It was found that 58.67% used PIMs according to the Beers Criteria. The most frequent classes were antihypertensives (73.13%) and diuretics (45.00%), notably Losartan (8.60%). High-grade drug interaction risk reached 33.13% of the sample. According to the IVCF-20, 45.0% were at risk of frailty and 11.3% were frail. A positive correlation (p-value <0,01) was found between functional decline, the number of medications, and the risk of interactions. Logistic regression revealed that advanced age (OR 1.39), polypharmacy (OR 1.59), and the need for third parties to obtain medications (OR 3.39) were significantly associated with worse functionality. The study demonstrates that polypharmacy and exposure to high-risk drug interactions are significant determinants of functional loss in older adults. The high incidence of Beers Criteria and dependence on others to obtain drugs signal weaknesses in care management. Therefore, it is urgent to implement medication safety protocols in Primary Care to mitigate iatrogenic risks and qualify pharmaceutical care directed at older adults in the frailty process. Keywords: aged; polypharmacy; frailty
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DAMACENO, Rafael Américo. Fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos e à funcionalidade em pessoas idosas de um município de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais: estudo transversal. 2026. 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026
