Estudo da atividade inseticida e dos constituintes voláteis das partes aéreas (folhas e cascas) de Gallesia gorazema Moq. por cromatografia em fase gasosa e espectrometria de massas
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Data
1995-08-24
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Gallesia gorazema, da família das fitolacáceas, é uma espécie vegetal que faz parte da imensa flora medicinal brasileira. De grande valor terapêutico, é utilizada, popularmente, para combater os mais diferentes tipos de enfermidades. Além disso, no meio rural acredita-se que suas cascas possuam atividade inseticida contra baratas e repelente contra vários insetos. O presente trabalho teve por meta realizar testes biológicos para averiguar se as cascas apresentavam ou não atividade inseticida e, ou, repelente, bem como analisar a composição química das cascas, objetivando identificar os compostos responsáveis por tais atividades. Os testes biológicos conduzidos em laboratório, com baratas e cascas de Gallesia gorazema, evidenciaram que as mesmas são altamente repelentes para tais insetos e não mostraram possuir nenhuma atividade inseticida. Para o propósito de se estudar a composição química das cascas da espécie vegetal, foram preparados extratos etéreo e por arraste a vapor das cascas. Estes extratos foram, então, analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa e espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). O cromatograma do extrato etéreo das cascas mostrou a presença de um grande número de compostos, sendo possível a identificação dos organossulfurados 2,3,4-tritiapentano (trissulfeto de metila), metilmetanotiossulfinato, metilmetanotiossulfonato, 1,2,4-tritiolano, metiotiometildissulfeto, metiltiometildimetilsulfona, 2,3,4,6-te-tratiaeptano, 1-metilsulfonil-2,3-ditiabutano, 2,3,5,7-tetratiaoctano, 2,4,5,7-te-tratiaoctano (bis (metiltiometil)dissulfeto), 2,3,5,6- tetratiaoctano, 2,3,4,6,8-pentatianonano, 2,3,5,6,8-pentatianonano, 1,4- dimetilsulfinil-2,3-ditiabutano e 2,4,5,6,8-pentatianonano, além dos compostos não-sulfurados hidroquinona, 4-hidroxi-3-metilacetofenona e 2,3-diidro-3,5-diidroxi-6-metil-4H-piran-4-ona. A análise do óleo essencial das cascas revelou a presença dos organossulfurados 2,3,4- tritiapentano (trissulfeto de metila), metilmetanotiossulfinato, metilmetanotiossulfonato, 1,2,4-tritiolano, metiotiometildissulfeto, 2,3,4,5-tetratiaexano (tetrassulfeto de metila), 2,3,5,6-tetratioeptano, 2,3,4,6-tetratiaeptano, 1,2,4,5-tetratiano, 2,3,4,6-tetratiaeptano, 1- metilsulfonil-2,3-ditiabutano, 2,3,5,7-tetratiaoc-tano, 2,4,5,7-tetratiaoctano (bis (metiltiometil)dissulfeto), 2,3,4,6,8-penta-tianonano, 2,3,5,6,8- pentatianonano, 1-metilsulfinil-2,3,4-tritiaexano, 1,4-dimetilsulfinil-2,3- ditiabutano e 2,4,5,6,8-pentatianonano. Ainda foi analisado por CG/EM o extrato etéreo das folhas, no qual foi possível identificar os compostos organossulfurados dimetilsulfona, metilmetanotios-sulfonato, benzotiazol, 1-metilsulfonil-2,3,-ditiabutano e, ainda, os com-postos não-sulfurados hidroquinona, 4-hidroxi-3-metilacetofenona, 3-oxo-α-ionol e vitamina E na forma de α-tocoferol. Tendo-se em vista a possibilidade de utilização de Gallesia gorazema como uma fonte alternativa de vitamina E, subseqüentemente procedeu-se à quantificação do teor desta vitamina, em diferentes tipos de amostras de folhas, por cromatografia em fase gasosa.
The present investigation had as a purpose to undertake biological tests to verify if the peels presented or not insecticide and/or repellent activity, as well as to analyze the chemical composition of the peels, aiming to identify the compounds responsible for such activities. The biological tests conducted in laboratory, with cockroaches and peels of Gallesia gorazema, proved that the peel is highly repellent to these insects but did not exhibit any insecticide activity. For the purpose of studying the chemical composition of the peels of this plant species, ethereal extracts were prepared as well as extracts by steam carrying treatment of the peels. These extracts were, then, analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/ME). The chromatogram of the ethereal extract of the peels showed the presence of a great number of compounds, it being possible to identify the organossulphurated compounds 2,3,4-methyl trisulfide, methylmethanethyosulphonate, 1,2,4-trithyolane, metiothyo methyldisulfide, methylthyomethyldimethylsulphone, 2,3,4,6- tetrathyoheptane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane, 2,3,5,7-tetrathyooctane, 2,4,5,7-tetrathyoctane (bis(methylthyomethyl)disulfide), 2,3,5,6-tetrathyoctane, 2,3,4,6,8-pentathyononane, 2,3,5,6,8-pentathyononane, 1,4-dimethyl suphonyl- 2,3-dithyobutane and 2,4,5,6,8-pentathyononane, as well as the non sulphur containing compounds hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone and 1,2- dihydro-3,5-dihydroxi-6-methyl-4H-pyrane-4-one. The analysis of the essential oil from the peels has revealed the presence of the organo sulphurated compounds 2,3,4-trithyopentane (methyltrisulfide), methylmethanethyosulphinate, methylmethanethyosulphonate, 1,2,4-trithyolane, methiomethylsulfide, 2,3,4,5-tetrathyohexane (methyltetrasulfide), 2,3,5,6- tetrathyoheptane, 2,3,4,6-tetrathyoheptane, 1,2,4,5-tetrathione, 2,3,4,6- tetrathyoheptane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane, 2,3,5,7-tetrathyotane, 2,4,5,7-tetrathyoctane (bis(methylthyomethyl)disulfide), 2,3,4,6,8- pentathyononane, 2,3,5,6,8-pentathyononane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3,4 trithyohexane, 1,4-dimethylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane and 2,4,5,6,8- pentathyononane. Also analyzed by CG/EM was the ethereal extract of the leaves, in which was possible to identify the organo sulphurated compounds dimethylsulphone, methylmethanethyosulphonate, benzothyoazol, 1- methylsulphonyl-2,3,-dithyobutane and also the non sulphur containing compounds hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone, 3-oxo-α-ionol and vitamin E in the α-tocoferol form. Contemplating the possibility of using Gallesia gorazema as an alternative source of vitamin E, subsequent quantification of this vitamin was also undertaken, in different types of leave samples, by gas chromatography.
The present investigation had as a purpose to undertake biological tests to verify if the peels presented or not insecticide and/or repellent activity, as well as to analyze the chemical composition of the peels, aiming to identify the compounds responsible for such activities. The biological tests conducted in laboratory, with cockroaches and peels of Gallesia gorazema, proved that the peel is highly repellent to these insects but did not exhibit any insecticide activity. For the purpose of studying the chemical composition of the peels of this plant species, ethereal extracts were prepared as well as extracts by steam carrying treatment of the peels. These extracts were, then, analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/ME). The chromatogram of the ethereal extract of the peels showed the presence of a great number of compounds, it being possible to identify the organossulphurated compounds 2,3,4-methyl trisulfide, methylmethanethyosulphonate, 1,2,4-trithyolane, metiothyo methyldisulfide, methylthyomethyldimethylsulphone, 2,3,4,6- tetrathyoheptane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane, 2,3,5,7-tetrathyooctane, 2,4,5,7-tetrathyoctane (bis(methylthyomethyl)disulfide), 2,3,5,6-tetrathyoctane, 2,3,4,6,8-pentathyononane, 2,3,5,6,8-pentathyononane, 1,4-dimethyl suphonyl- 2,3-dithyobutane and 2,4,5,6,8-pentathyononane, as well as the non sulphur containing compounds hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone and 1,2- dihydro-3,5-dihydroxi-6-methyl-4H-pyrane-4-one. The analysis of the essential oil from the peels has revealed the presence of the organo sulphurated compounds 2,3,4-trithyopentane (methyltrisulfide), methylmethanethyosulphinate, methylmethanethyosulphonate, 1,2,4-trithyolane, methiomethylsulfide, 2,3,4,5-tetrathyohexane (methyltetrasulfide), 2,3,5,6- tetrathyoheptane, 2,3,4,6-tetrathyoheptane, 1,2,4,5-tetrathione, 2,3,4,6- tetrathyoheptane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane, 2,3,5,7-tetrathyotane, 2,4,5,7-tetrathyoctane (bis(methylthyomethyl)disulfide), 2,3,4,6,8- pentathyononane, 2,3,5,6,8-pentathyononane, 1-methylsulphonyl-2,3,4 trithyohexane, 1,4-dimethylsulphonyl-2,3-dithyobutane and 2,4,5,6,8- pentathyononane. Also analyzed by CG/EM was the ethereal extract of the leaves, in which was possible to identify the organo sulphurated compounds dimethylsulphone, methylmethanethyosulphonate, benzothyoazol, 1- methylsulphonyl-2,3,-dithyobutane and also the non sulphur containing compounds hydroquinone, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone, 3-oxo-α-ionol and vitamin E in the α-tocoferol form. Contemplating the possibility of using Gallesia gorazema as an alternative source of vitamin E, subsequent quantification of this vitamin was also undertaken, in different types of leave samples, by gas chromatography.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gallesia gorazema - Análise química, Casca de Gallesia gorazema como inseticida, Vitamina E em Gallesia gorazema, Inseticidas naturais
Citação
TEIXEIRA, Robson Ricardo. Estudo da atividade inseticida e dos constituintes voláteis das partes aéreas (folhas e cascas) de Gallesia gorazema moq. Por cromatografia em fase gasosa e espectrometria de massas. 1995. 104f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 1995.