Análise do perfil lipídico e mapeamento associativo em populações tropical e temperada de milho-pipoca
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O milho-pipoca (Zea mays var. everta) destaca-se pela capacidade de expansão (CE), característica resultado da composição do endosperma e do pericarpo resistente. Objetivou-se caracterizar duas populações de milho-pipoca, uma de origem temperada (UFV-MP5) e outra de origem tropical (Beija-Flor) quanto ao perfil lipídico, identificando regiões genômicas associadas ao conteúdo de ácidos graxos via estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS). A fenotipagem foi conduzida mediante a extração de lipídios diretamente dos embriões, seguida de derivatização e quantificação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). A genotipagem utilizou a técnica de sequenciamento por representação reduzida (GBS), adotando o modelo misto Q + K para o mapeamento associativo (GWAS). Os resultados revelaram divergência estatística significativa entre as populações para todos os caracteres. A população Beija-Flor apresentou teores superiores de ácido linoleico (8,69%), palmítico (33,51%) e esteárico (23,05%), enquanto a UFV-MP5 destacou-se pela maior CE (42,43 cm3/g) e teor de ácido oleico (20,18%), além da presença exclusiva de -tocoferol e -sitosterol. O GWAS não identificou associações significativas na população UFV-MP5, possivelmente devido a origem biparental da população. Em contrapartida, na população Beija-Flor, foram identificadas marcas significativas para os ácidos esteárico, linoleico e oleico. A prospecção genômica resultou em nove genes candidatos, com destaque para o Zm00001eb043340 (FAD8), Zm00001eb043440 (Citocromo b5) e Zm00001eb292580 (família SEC14), os quais desempenham papéis cruciais na dessaturação e transporte de lipídios. As análises de expressão gênica (FPKM) no embrião confirmaram a atividade desses genes durante o desenvolvimento da semente, especialmente o gene da família SEC14, cuja expressão aumentou cerca de seis vezes entre as fases iniciais e finais. Conclui-se que existe variabilidade genética explorável para o perfil lipídico em milho-pipoca, e a identificação de genes candidatos fornece subsídios para o melhoramento genético focado na qualidade nutricional e industrial, permitindo a seleção de genótipos que conciliem alta capacidade de expansão com perfis de ácidos graxos específicos. Palavras-chave: milho-pipoca; ácidos graxos; GC-MS; GWAS; melhoramento vegetal.
Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) stands out for its expansion capacity (EC), characteristic resulting from the composition of the endosperm and the resistant pericarp. The objective was to characterize two popcorn populations, one of temperate origin (UFV-MP5) and another of tropical origin (Beija-Flor), regarding their lipid profile, identifying genomic regions associated with fatty acid content via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Phenotyping was conducted by extracting lipids directly from the embryos, followed by derivatization and quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Genotyping used the genotyping-by- sequencing (GBS) technique, adopting the Q + K mixed model for associative mapping (GWAS). The results revealed significant statistical divergence between the populations for all traits. The Beija-Flor population showed higher levels of linoleic (8.69%), palmitic (33.51%), and stearic (23.05%) acids, while UFV-MP5 stood out for its higher EC (42.43 cm3/g) and oleic acid content (20.18%), in addition to the exclusive presence of -tocopherol and -sitosterol. GWAS did not identify significant associations in the UFV-MP5 population, possibly due to the population's biparental origin. In contrast, in the Beija-Flor population, significant markers were identified for stearic, linoleic, and oleic acids. Genomic prospection resulted in nine candidate genes, highlighting Zm00001eb043340 (FAD8), Zm00001eb043440 (Cytochrome b5), and Zm00001eb292580 (SEC14 family), which play crucial roles in lipid desaturation and transport. Gene expression analysis (FPKM) in the embryo confirmed the activity of these genes during seed development, especially the SEC14 family gene, whose expression increased approximately sixfold between the early and late stages. It is concluded that there is exploitable genetic variability for the lipid profile in popcorn, and the identification of candidate genes provides support for genetic improvement focused on nutritional and industrial quality, allowing the selection of genotypes that reconcile high expansion capacity with specific fatty acid profiles. Keywords: popcorn; fatty acids; GC-MS; GWAS; plant breeding.
Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) stands out for its expansion capacity (EC), characteristic resulting from the composition of the endosperm and the resistant pericarp. The objective was to characterize two popcorn populations, one of temperate origin (UFV-MP5) and another of tropical origin (Beija-Flor), regarding their lipid profile, identifying genomic regions associated with fatty acid content via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Phenotyping was conducted by extracting lipids directly from the embryos, followed by derivatization and quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Genotyping used the genotyping-by- sequencing (GBS) technique, adopting the Q + K mixed model for associative mapping (GWAS). The results revealed significant statistical divergence between the populations for all traits. The Beija-Flor population showed higher levels of linoleic (8.69%), palmitic (33.51%), and stearic (23.05%) acids, while UFV-MP5 stood out for its higher EC (42.43 cm3/g) and oleic acid content (20.18%), in addition to the exclusive presence of -tocopherol and -sitosterol. GWAS did not identify significant associations in the UFV-MP5 population, possibly due to the population's biparental origin. In contrast, in the Beija-Flor population, significant markers were identified for stearic, linoleic, and oleic acids. Genomic prospection resulted in nine candidate genes, highlighting Zm00001eb043340 (FAD8), Zm00001eb043440 (Cytochrome b5), and Zm00001eb292580 (SEC14 family), which play crucial roles in lipid desaturation and transport. Gene expression analysis (FPKM) in the embryo confirmed the activity of these genes during seed development, especially the SEC14 family gene, whose expression increased approximately sixfold between the early and late stages. It is concluded that there is exploitable genetic variability for the lipid profile in popcorn, and the identification of candidate genes provides support for genetic improvement focused on nutritional and industrial quality, allowing the selection of genotypes that reconcile high expansion capacity with specific fatty acid profiles. Keywords: popcorn; fatty acids; GC-MS; GWAS; plant breeding.
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SAR, Wagner Emanuel. Análise do perfil lipídico e mapeamento associativo em populações tropical e temperada de milho-pipoca. 2026. 41 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
