Contribuições das cooperativas de crédito para o desenvolvimento de municípios brasileiros
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Esta dissertação investiga o papel das cooperativas de crédito no desenvolvimento de municípios brasileiros, com foco em suas contribuições para o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento endógeno, ou seja, a partir das características e potencialidades do território. O trabalho está estruturado em dois capítulos: o primeiro capítulo realiza uma análise econométrica com dados em painel de todos os municípios brasileiros entre 2016 e 2021. A intenção é estimar as contribuições da presença de cooperativas de crédito sobre três variáveis econômicas: crescimento do PIB per capita, do emprego per capita e crescimento do número de empresas per capita. Os resultados indicam que a presença de cooperativas está associada ao crescimento do PIB per capita e do número de empresas per capita, com efeito superior aos bancos, indicando que o cooperativismo de crédito possui maior capacidade de promover crescimento. Para o emprego per capita, não foram encontrados resultados significativos. O segundo capítulo aprofunda a análise por meio de um estudo de caso único, na cooperativa de crédito Sicoob Sarom, localizada em São Roque de Minas (MG). Através de entrevistas, observações e análise documental, o estudo mostra como a atuação da cooperativa contribuiu para a mobilização de capital social local e para o desenvolvimento endógeno do município através da organização da cadeia produtiva e da promoção de ações de interesse pela comunidade em setores como educação, meio ambiente, saúde e empreendedorismo. A cooperativa atua, portanto, como importante agente de transformação local, embora o município ainda enfrente limitações diante de problemas estruturais, que necessitam de atuação do poder público. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão das cooperativas de crédito como instrumentos de desenvolvimento endógeno e mudança de realidades, especialmente em regiões que enfrentam entraves ao desenvolvimento, oferecendo subsídios para que entidades reguladoras e formuladores de políticas públicas compreendam o potencial das cooperativas de crédito como mecanismos que podem promover crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento endógeno, especialmente em regiões onde há exclusão financeira e onde bancos têm desmobilizado agências.Palavras-chave: cooperativas de crédito; crescimento; desenvolvimento endógeno
This thesis investigates the role of credit unions in the development of Brazilian municipalities, with a focus on their contributions to economic growth and endogenous development, that is, development driven by the characteristics and potentialities of the territory itself. The work is structured in two chapters. The first chapter presents an econometric analysis using panel data covering all Brazilian municipalities between 2016 and 2021. The aim is to estimate the impact of the presence of credit unions on three economic variables: the growth of per capita GDP, per capita employment, and the number of companies per capita. The results indicate that the presence of credit unions is associated with increases in per capita GDP and in the number of companies per capita, with effects greater than those observed for traditional banks. This suggests that credit unions have a superior capacity to foster economic growth. No significant effects were found for per capita employment. The second chapter deepens the analysis through a single case study of the credit union Sicoob Sarom, located in São Roque de Minas (MG). Through interviews, observations, and document analysis, the study demonstrates how the cooperative’s activities have contributed to the mobilization of local social capital and to the endogenous development of the municipality by organizing the local production chain and promoting community-oriented actions in areas such as education, environment, health, and entrepreneurship. The cooperative thus acts as an important agent of local transformation, although the municipality continues to face challenges related to structural problems in health and education, which require intervention by public authorities. This research contributes to the understanding of credit unions as instruments of endogenous development and agents of change, particularly in underdeveloped regions. It offers insights for regulatory agencies and policymakers to recognize the potential of credit unions as mechanisms capable of promoting economic growth and endogenous development, especially in areas marked by financial exclusion and the withdrawal of traditional bank branches. Keywords: credit unions; growth; endogenous development
This thesis investigates the role of credit unions in the development of Brazilian municipalities, with a focus on their contributions to economic growth and endogenous development, that is, development driven by the characteristics and potentialities of the territory itself. The work is structured in two chapters. The first chapter presents an econometric analysis using panel data covering all Brazilian municipalities between 2016 and 2021. The aim is to estimate the impact of the presence of credit unions on three economic variables: the growth of per capita GDP, per capita employment, and the number of companies per capita. The results indicate that the presence of credit unions is associated with increases in per capita GDP and in the number of companies per capita, with effects greater than those observed for traditional banks. This suggests that credit unions have a superior capacity to foster economic growth. No significant effects were found for per capita employment. The second chapter deepens the analysis through a single case study of the credit union Sicoob Sarom, located in São Roque de Minas (MG). Through interviews, observations, and document analysis, the study demonstrates how the cooperative’s activities have contributed to the mobilization of local social capital and to the endogenous development of the municipality by organizing the local production chain and promoting community-oriented actions in areas such as education, environment, health, and entrepreneurship. The cooperative thus acts as an important agent of local transformation, although the municipality continues to face challenges related to structural problems in health and education, which require intervention by public authorities. This research contributes to the understanding of credit unions as instruments of endogenous development and agents of change, particularly in underdeveloped regions. It offers insights for regulatory agencies and policymakers to recognize the potential of credit unions as mechanisms capable of promoting economic growth and endogenous development, especially in areas marked by financial exclusion and the withdrawal of traditional bank branches. Keywords: credit unions; growth; endogenous development
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SILVA, Diego Sebastião Landim. Contribuições das cooperativas de crédito para o desenvolvimento de municípios brasileiros. 2025. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
