Avaliação da qualidade da dieta e fatores associados em adultos de Viçosa, Minas Gerais
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Data
2014-11-24
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A transição nutricional, em conjunto com a obesidade, constitui um dos fatores mais importantes para explicar o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). No Brasil, um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de DCNT está relacionado ao hábito alimentar. Sabendo-se da importância do comportamento alimentar sobre o perfil de morbimortalidade, alguns índices têm sido criados para se obter uma medida resumo das principais características alimentares de populações ou grupos de indivíduos, facilitando a avaliação da qualidade da dieta dos mesmos. A mais recente adaptação do Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) para a população brasileira foi proposta por Previdelli et al. (2011). As autoras fizeram mudanças considerando a realidade brasileira, a partir do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira 2006, adaptando e validando o Índice de Alimentação Saudável Revisado (IAS-R). Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, avaliar a qualidade global da dieta e seus fatores associados em adultos de meia idade no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 367 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, pertencentes a uma subamostra de um estudo de base populacional. O consumo alimentar foi coletado por meio do recordatório de 24h e a qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo IAS-R. Considerou-se a qualidade da dieta como variável dependente e as variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, antropométricas e de pressão arterial como variáveis independentes. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o software STATA, versão 13.0. As associações foram estimadas pela regressão de Poisson, permanecendo no modelo final apenas as variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância inferior a 5%. Mais da metade dos indivíduos avaliados apresentaram excesso de peso, obesidade abdominal, hipertensão arterial e elevada relação cintura/quadril e cintura/estatura. A média da pontuação total do IAS-R foi de 66,0 pontos (IC 95% = 64,0-67,9). Os componentes cereais integrais e leite e derivados foram os que tiveram menor média de pontuação. As variáveis independentes associadas ao maior tercil do Índice de Alimentação Saudável Revisado foram ser fisicamente ativo (RP = 1,64; IC 95% = 1,16-2,32), do sexo feminino (RP = 1,69; IC 95% = 1,19-2,40) e estar na classe econômica de renda baixa (D e E) (RP = 1,72; IC 95% = 1,13-2,62). Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que o IAS-R pode ser útil na investigação da qualidade da dieta da população, além do monitoramento de políticas públicas para prevenção de doenças crônicas, uma vez que a qualidade da dieta está associada a fatores modificáveis do estilo de vida da população.
Nutritional transition, jointly with obesity, can be considered one of the most important factors to explain the increase of non-transmissible chronic diseases. In Brazil, the main risk factor to the development of diseases is related to food habit. Knowing the importance of eating behavior, some indexes have been created to obtain a measure of overall dietary quality of populations or groups of individuals. The most recent adaptation to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for Brazilian population was proposed by Previdelli et al. (2011). The authors made changes considering Brazilian reality, according to the 2006 Dietary Guidelines for Brazilian Population, creating and validating the Reviewed Healthy Eating Index (R-HEI). The objective of present study was to evaluate the global dietary quality and its associated factors adults from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This work refers to a cross-sectional study carried out with 367 individuals, of both genders, aged 40-59 years, belonging to a subsample of a population-based study. Food consumption data were collected by the 24-hour recall and dietary quality was assessed by R-HEI. Social demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and blood pressure data were also assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software, version 13.0. The associations were estimated by Poisson’s regression, remaining in final model only characteristics that showed significance level below to 5%. More than half of individuals assessed showed overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio altered. The mean score of R-HEI was 66.0 points (CI 95% = 64.0-67.9). Whole grains and milk-derived were the components which showed lower mean score. The characteristics associated to highest tercile of the Reviewed Healthy Eating Index were being physically active (PR = 1.64; CI 95% = 1.16-2.32), of female gender (PR = 1.69; CI 95% = 1.19-2.40) and belong to low-income economical class (D and E) (PR = 1.72; CI 95% = 1.13-2.62). Results from this study indicated that R-HEI can be useful in investigation of dietary quality of the population and to help creating basic measures for preventing chronic diseases, since dietary quality is associated to modifiable factors of population lifestyle.
Nutritional transition, jointly with obesity, can be considered one of the most important factors to explain the increase of non-transmissible chronic diseases. In Brazil, the main risk factor to the development of diseases is related to food habit. Knowing the importance of eating behavior, some indexes have been created to obtain a measure of overall dietary quality of populations or groups of individuals. The most recent adaptation to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for Brazilian population was proposed by Previdelli et al. (2011). The authors made changes considering Brazilian reality, according to the 2006 Dietary Guidelines for Brazilian Population, creating and validating the Reviewed Healthy Eating Index (R-HEI). The objective of present study was to evaluate the global dietary quality and its associated factors adults from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This work refers to a cross-sectional study carried out with 367 individuals, of both genders, aged 40-59 years, belonging to a subsample of a population-based study. Food consumption data were collected by the 24-hour recall and dietary quality was assessed by R-HEI. Social demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and blood pressure data were also assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software, version 13.0. The associations were estimated by Poisson’s regression, remaining in final model only characteristics that showed significance level below to 5%. More than half of individuals assessed showed overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio altered. The mean score of R-HEI was 66.0 points (CI 95% = 64.0-67.9). Whole grains and milk-derived were the components which showed lower mean score. The characteristics associated to highest tercile of the Reviewed Healthy Eating Index were being physically active (PR = 1.64; CI 95% = 1.16-2.32), of female gender (PR = 1.69; CI 95% = 1.19-2.40) and belong to low-income economical class (D and E) (PR = 1.72; CI 95% = 1.13-2.62). Results from this study indicated that R-HEI can be useful in investigation of dietary quality of the population and to help creating basic measures for preventing chronic diseases, since dietary quality is associated to modifiable factors of population lifestyle.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dieta - Qualidade, Pessoas de meia-idade - Alimentação, Índices
Citação
REIS, Vanessa Guimarães. Avaliação da qualidade da dieta e fatores associados em adultos de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. 2014. 76 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2014.