Contaminação por Cu e Cr na sub-bacia do Rio Pomba, em Minas Gerais
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Revista Ceres
Abstract
Os metais pesados são poluentes devido a suas diferentes espécies químicas, toxidades e propriedades acumulativas. Em ambientes aquáticos, os sedimentos têm sido usados na avaliação da contaminação por metais, uma vez que atuam como compartimento concentrador. A sub-bacia do Rio Pomba, localizada na Zona da Mata mineira, abrange diversas cidades, entre elas Cataguases, que se destaca por ser importante pólo industrial. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a contaminação da água, do solo e do sedimento por Cu e Cr na sub-bacia do Rio Pomba, no trecho de Mercês à jusante de Cataguases. As amostras foram coletadas em seis pontos ao longo da sub-bacia, sendo determinadas as concentra- ções de Cu e Cr após digestão ácida. Adicionalmente, na amostra de sedimento foram determinadas as formas em que esses metais encontram-se no ambiente, por meio de um procedimento de extração sequencial. As amostras de água mostraram contaminação por Cu (0,10 – 0,17 mg L-1) e Cr (0,10 – 0,81 mg L-1). A concentração de Cu no solo coletado na região do Rio Novo, à montante do Rio Pomba, foi (69,72 mg kg-1) superior ao valor considerado como de alerta (60 mg kg-1), enquanto a de Cr em três das seis amostras de solos foi superior aos valores de alerta (75 mg kg-1). A concentração de Cr no sedimento atingiu 74,80 mg kg-1, indicando valores poluidores, embora associados à fração não disponível.
Heavy metals are pollutants in the environment due to its different chemical species, toxicity and accumulative properties. In aquatic environments, sediments are used to evaluate heavy metal pollution. Pomba River’s basin is located in Zona da Mata Mineira and it encloses some cities among them Cataguases that is distinguished for being an important industrial pole. The objective of this research was to evaluate heavy metals contamination of water, soil and sediment of Pomba River’s basin, in the stretch between Mercês and Cataguases city. Samples of water, soil and sediment were collected in six points along the basin. In all samples were determined total contents of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) metals, after acid digestion. In the samples of sediment, the forms these metals are associates were determined, through the sequential extraction procedure. The contamination of water samples by Cu and Cr and low contents of organic matter of soil was verified in the first points. For sediment samples it was found contamination by Cu and Cr, that were associates to the fraction less available in the sediment. Water samples showed contamination by Cu (0,10 – 0,17 mg L -1 ) and Cr (0,10 – 0,81 mg L -1 ). The concentration of Cu in soil collected in the Novo River’s, upstream of the Pomba River’s, presented concentration (69,72 mg kg -1 ) exceeds the amount deemed warning (60 mg kg -1), while the concentration of Cr in 3 out of 6 samples of soil were superior to the values of alert (75 mg kg -1 ). The concentration of Cr in the sediment reached 74,80 mg kg -1 , indicating values polluters, although associated with fraction not available.
Heavy metals are pollutants in the environment due to its different chemical species, toxicity and accumulative properties. In aquatic environments, sediments are used to evaluate heavy metal pollution. Pomba River’s basin is located in Zona da Mata Mineira and it encloses some cities among them Cataguases that is distinguished for being an important industrial pole. The objective of this research was to evaluate heavy metals contamination of water, soil and sediment of Pomba River’s basin, in the stretch between Mercês and Cataguases city. Samples of water, soil and sediment were collected in six points along the basin. In all samples were determined total contents of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) metals, after acid digestion. In the samples of sediment, the forms these metals are associates were determined, through the sequential extraction procedure. The contamination of water samples by Cu and Cr and low contents of organic matter of soil was verified in the first points. For sediment samples it was found contamination by Cu and Cr, that were associates to the fraction less available in the sediment. Water samples showed contamination by Cu (0,10 – 0,17 mg L -1 ) and Cr (0,10 – 0,81 mg L -1 ). The concentration of Cu in soil collected in the Novo River’s, upstream of the Pomba River’s, presented concentration (69,72 mg kg -1 ) exceeds the amount deemed warning (60 mg kg -1), while the concentration of Cr in 3 out of 6 samples of soil were superior to the values of alert (75 mg kg -1 ). The concentration of Cr in the sediment reached 74,80 mg kg -1 , indicating values polluters, although associated with fraction not available.
