Controle e condições climáticas favoráveis à antracnose do mamoeiro
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Data
2002-03
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Fitopatologia Brasileira
Resumo
A podridão peduncular (PP) e a antracnose são as principais doenças pós-colheita do mamão (Carica papaya). Avaliou-se o efeito de 11 tratamentos (mg.l-1 i.a.) em seu controle: 1-chlorothalonil PM (1500); 2-chlorothalonil SC (2000); 3-chlorothalonil + oxicloreto de cobre PM (875 + 1050); 4-tiofanato metílico + chlorothalonil PM (400 + 1000); 5-tiofanato metílico PM (700); 6-tolylfluanid PM (750); 7-tebuconazole CE (200); 8-triadimenol CE (250); 9-fluazinam SC (500); 10-iminoctadine F (300) e 11-testemunha. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e oito plantas / parcela, em pomar de 'Improved Sunrise Solo Line 72/12', em Linhares-ES. De março de 1997 até março de 1998, realizaram-se pulverizações bissemanal a mensalmente e, a partir de setembro, 12 colheitas de nove frutos / parcela. Dez a 12 dias após a colheita, avaliou-se a incidência da antracnose e da PP e a severidade da antracnose, com o uso de escala de notas de 0 a 4. A incidência da antracnose variou de 68,5 a 100% na testemunha. A correlação entre incidência e severidade da antracnose foi alta (r = 0,86). O uso de fungicidas não reduziu a incidência de PP. Exceto os tratamentos 7 e 8, os demais reduziram 26,4 a 41,2% a média geral da incidência de antracnose, em relação à testemunha. Não houve interação entre tratamentos e épocas de avaliação. Houve redução de até 73,6% da incidência de antracnose. A maior incidência da antracnose e a menor eficiência dos fungicidas ocorreu de novembro a 15 de janeiro, quando ocorreu maior quantidade de chuva (505 mm em 16 dias).
Anthracnose and stem-end rot (SER) are the main post harvest diseases of papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil. The effectiveness of 11 treatments (mg.l-1 a.i.) on the their control was evaluated: 1-chlorothalonil WP (1500); 2-chlorothalonil SC (2000); 3-chlorothalonil + copper oxychloride WP (875 + 1050); 4-thiofanate-metil + chlorothalonil WP (400 + 1000); 5- thiofanate-metil WP (700); 6-tolylfluanid WP (750); 7-tebuconazole EC (200); 8-triadimenol EC (250); 9-fluazinam SC (500); 10-iminoctadine F (300) and 11-unsprayed control. A trial was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications and eight plants / plot, using 'Improved Sunrise Solo Line 72/12', in Linhares-ES. From the beginning of flowering (March 1997) to March 1998, biweekly to monthlly sprays were applied. From September on, 12 harvests of nine fruits/plot were accomplished. Ten to 12 days after the harvest, the incidence of anthracnose and SER was evaluated and the severity of anthracnose was estimated visually using a scale from 0 to 4. The correlation between incidence and severity of anthracnose was high (r = 0,86). The use of fungicides did not reduce the incidence of SER. Except for treatments 7 and 8, the average incidence was reduced from 26,4 to 41,2% compared to unsprayed controls. On the third day of evaluation fungicides reduced the anthracnose incidence up to 73,6%. The highest anthracnose incidence and the lowest degree of fungicide effectiveness occurred between November and January 15th, which correspond to the highest rain frequency (505 mm in 16 days).
Anthracnose and stem-end rot (SER) are the main post harvest diseases of papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil. The effectiveness of 11 treatments (mg.l-1 a.i.) on the their control was evaluated: 1-chlorothalonil WP (1500); 2-chlorothalonil SC (2000); 3-chlorothalonil + copper oxychloride WP (875 + 1050); 4-thiofanate-metil + chlorothalonil WP (400 + 1000); 5- thiofanate-metil WP (700); 6-tolylfluanid WP (750); 7-tebuconazole EC (200); 8-triadimenol EC (250); 9-fluazinam SC (500); 10-iminoctadine F (300) and 11-unsprayed control. A trial was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications and eight plants / plot, using 'Improved Sunrise Solo Line 72/12', in Linhares-ES. From the beginning of flowering (March 1997) to March 1998, biweekly to monthlly sprays were applied. From September on, 12 harvests of nine fruits/plot were accomplished. Ten to 12 days after the harvest, the incidence of anthracnose and SER was evaluated and the severity of anthracnose was estimated visually using a scale from 0 to 4. The correlation between incidence and severity of anthracnose was high (r = 0,86). The use of fungicides did not reduce the incidence of SER. Except for treatments 7 and 8, the average incidence was reduced from 26,4 to 41,2% compared to unsprayed controls. On the third day of evaluation fungicides reduced the anthracnose incidence up to 73,6%. The highest anthracnose incidence and the lowest degree of fungicide effectiveness occurred between November and January 15th, which correspond to the highest rain frequency (505 mm in 16 days).
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Palavras-chave
Carica papaya, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fungicidas, Fungicides