Mudança nos comportamentos alimentar e de atividade física em portadores de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, com base no Modelo Transteórico
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2010-10-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as mudanças nos comportamentos alimentar e de atividade física em indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mediante estratégias de intervenção com base no Modelo Transteórico (MTT) de Prochaska, durante seis meses. Foram avaliados 31 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 41 e 75 anos, no município de Ponte Nova, MG. As características sóciodemográficas dos indivíduos foram obtidas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os estágios de mudança de comportamento do MTT para os comportamentos alimentar e prática de atividade física foram identificados usando-se um algoritmo para o comportamento alimentar e outro para a prática de atividade física. Foram realizadas as medidas de peso, altura e circunferências da cintura e do quadril; o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a relação cintura/quadril (RC/Q) foram calculados. O percentual de gordura (%GC) foi obtido por meio da bioimpedância elétrica bipolar. Os parâmetros sanguíneos: hemograma completo, glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, VLDL e triglicerídeos foram analisados. Todas as avaliações foram feitas antes e após seis meses de intervenções, compreendidas de atividade física orientada e orientação nutricional. Os resultados mostraram qu, antes das intervenções, a maioria dos diabéticos estava no estágio de preparação do MTT, para o comportamento alimentar, e no estágio de manutenção para a prática de atividade física. Após seis meses de intervenção, observou-se movimentação do comportamento alimentar para o estágio de ação, e para a prática de atividade física foi conservado o estágio de manutenção. O peso corporal, o IMC, a glicemia de jejum, a hemoglobina glicada, o colesterol total e o LDL reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) após as intervenções. RC/Q e %GC não foram afetados. Houve correlação positiva entre: a renda familiar e a escolaridade (p<0,05); o número de pessoas no domicílio (p<0,05) e o comportamento alimentar (p<0,05) dos indivíduos. A escolaridade também se correlacionou positivamente com o comportamento alimentar (p<0,01), bem como o comportamento alimentar a de atividade física (p< 0,01). Concluiu-se que indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 respondem a intervenções para mudanças dos comportamentos alimentar e prática de atividade física. Essas mudanças afetaram positivamente parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos. O nível de escolaridade e renda familiar está associado ao grau de prontidão para essas mudanças.
This study aimed to analyze changes in the eating and in the physical activity behaviors in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, through strategies of intervention based on transtheoretical model (MTT) during six months. Thirty one individuals, of both sexes, aged between 41 and 75 years, were evaluated -demographic characteristics were collected through semi-structured interviews. The stages of MTT behavior changes in the eating and physical activity behaviors were identified using one algorithm for the eating behavior and another for the physical activity behavior. Body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences were measured and the body mass index (BMI) and the waist to hip ratio (W/H) were calculated. The fat percentage (% FAT) was collected through electrical bipolar bioimpedance. The blood parameters: complete blood count, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides were analyzed. All the evaluations were made before and after a six-month period of interventions, composed of guided physical activity and nutritional counseling. The results showed that before the intervention, most of the diabetics were in the MTT preparation stage, for the eating behavior and in the maintenance stage for the physical activity behavior. After six months of interventions, a move to the action stage for the eating behavior was observed and for the physical activity behavior the maintenance stage was preserved. Body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and LDL reduced significantly (p<0,05) after the period of interventions. W/H and % FAT did not change. There was a positive correlation between the family income and schooling (p<0,05), number of people in the house (p<0,05) and the consumption intake behavior (p<0,05) of the individuals. Schooling also correlated positively with eating behavior (p<0,01) as well as the eating behavior with the physical activity behavior (p<0,01). It was concluded that individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 respond to interventions for changes in eating and physical activity behaviors. These changes positively impacted the anthropometrical and biochemical parameters. The education level and family income are associated to the level of readiness for these changes.
This study aimed to analyze changes in the eating and in the physical activity behaviors in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, through strategies of intervention based on transtheoretical model (MTT) during six months. Thirty one individuals, of both sexes, aged between 41 and 75 years, were evaluated -demographic characteristics were collected through semi-structured interviews. The stages of MTT behavior changes in the eating and physical activity behaviors were identified using one algorithm for the eating behavior and another for the physical activity behavior. Body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences were measured and the body mass index (BMI) and the waist to hip ratio (W/H) were calculated. The fat percentage (% FAT) was collected through electrical bipolar bioimpedance. The blood parameters: complete blood count, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides were analyzed. All the evaluations were made before and after a six-month period of interventions, composed of guided physical activity and nutritional counseling. The results showed that before the intervention, most of the diabetics were in the MTT preparation stage, for the eating behavior and in the maintenance stage for the physical activity behavior. After six months of interventions, a move to the action stage for the eating behavior was observed and for the physical activity behavior the maintenance stage was preserved. Body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and LDL reduced significantly (p<0,05) after the period of interventions. W/H and % FAT did not change. There was a positive correlation between the family income and schooling (p<0,05), number of people in the house (p<0,05) and the consumption intake behavior (p<0,05) of the individuals. Schooling also correlated positively with eating behavior (p<0,01) as well as the eating behavior with the physical activity behavior (p<0,01). It was concluded that individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 respond to interventions for changes in eating and physical activity behaviors. These changes positively impacted the anthropometrical and biochemical parameters. The education level and family income are associated to the level of readiness for these changes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Diabetes mellitus, Modelo transteórico, Exercício físico, Diabetes mellitus, Transtheoretical model, Exercise
Citação
NATALI, Celeste Maria. Change in the eating and in the physical activity behaviors in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, based on transtheoretical model. 2010. 142 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Valor nutricional de alimentos e de dietas; Nutrição nas enfermidades agudas e crônicas não transmis) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010.