Investigação de vírus Vaccinia em gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) da Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, Minas Gerais
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O vírus vaccinia (VACV) é o agente etiológico da vaccinia bovina, uma zoonose ocupacional de importância médica e veterinária. Apesar de ser um dos vírus mais estudados devido a sua utilização como vacina contra varíola humana no passado, sua circulação no ambiente e os possíveis reservatórios naturais ainda permanecem pouco compreendidos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a circulação do VACV em gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis Aurita) da Mata do Paraíso, importante fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. As campanhas de captura foram realizadas entre outubro de 2025 e maio de 2026, utilizando armadilhas de contenção viva do tipo tomahawk. Os animais capturados foram identificados, submetidos à coleta de amostras biológicas e posteriormente liberados no mesmo local de captura. O esforço amostral total foi de 100 armadilhas/noite, resultando em um sucesso de captura de 13%. Foram capturados 13 indivíduos da espécie Didelphis aurita, popularmente conhecido como gambá-de-orelha-preta, dos quais 10 tiveram amostras de soro submetidas ao teste de neutralização por redução de placas (PRNT50) para detecção de anticorpos neutralizantes contra VACV, recentemente isolado de gado de leite em Viçosa. Todas as amostras analisadas foram consideradas soronegativas para VACV, apresentando títulos inferiores a 20. Apesar dos resultados negativos, não é possível excluir a circulação do VACV na região, principalmente devido ao baixo n-amostral e ao esforço de captura limitado. Além disso, durante as campanhas foram observados fatores que possivelmente influenciaram o sucesso de captura, como períodos chuvosos e presença de cães domésticos próximos aos transectos amostrados. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância da continuidade de estudos envolvendo vigilância ativa de vírus zoonóticos em animais silvestres, especialmente em áreas sob influência antrópica, contribuindo para a compreensão da dinâmica ecológica do VACV e para estratégias de vigilância em saúde única. Palavras-chave: Zoonose; Varíola bovina; Saúde pública; Orthopoxvirus
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia, an occupational zoonosis of medical and veterinary importance. Despite being one of the most extensively studied viruses due to its historical use as the vaccine against human smallpox, its environmental circulation and possible natural reservoirs remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the circulation of VACV in black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita) inhabiting Mata do Paraíso, an important Atlantic Forest fragment located in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Capture campaigns were conducted between October 2025 and May 2026 using tomahawk live traps. Captured animals were identified, biological samples were collected, and the animals were subsequently released at the same capture site. The total sampling effort consisted of 100 trap-nights, resulting in a capture success rate of 13%. Thirteen individuals of Didelphis aurita, commonly known as the black-eared opossum, were captured. Of these, serum samples from 10 individuals were subjected to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) to detect neutralizing antibodies against a VACV strain recently isolated from dairy cattle in Viçosa. All analyzed samples were considered seronegative for VACV, presenting antibody titers below 20. Despite the negative results, VACV circulation in the region cannot be ruled out, mainly due to the small sample size and limited trapping effort. Furthermore, factors that may have influenced capture success were observed during the campaigns, including periods of heavy rainfall and the presence of domestic dogs near the sampled transects. The results obtained reinforce the importance of continuing studies involving active surveillance of zoonotic viruses in wildlife, especially in areas under anthropogenic influence. Such efforts contribute to a better understanding of the ecological dynamics of VACV and support the development of One Health surveillance strategies. Keywords: Zoonosis; Bovine vaccinia; Public health; Orthopoxvirus.
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia, an occupational zoonosis of medical and veterinary importance. Despite being one of the most extensively studied viruses due to its historical use as the vaccine against human smallpox, its environmental circulation and possible natural reservoirs remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the circulation of VACV in black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita) inhabiting Mata do Paraíso, an important Atlantic Forest fragment located in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Capture campaigns were conducted between October 2025 and May 2026 using tomahawk live traps. Captured animals were identified, biological samples were collected, and the animals were subsequently released at the same capture site. The total sampling effort consisted of 100 trap-nights, resulting in a capture success rate of 13%. Thirteen individuals of Didelphis aurita, commonly known as the black-eared opossum, were captured. Of these, serum samples from 10 individuals were subjected to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) to detect neutralizing antibodies against a VACV strain recently isolated from dairy cattle in Viçosa. All analyzed samples were considered seronegative for VACV, presenting antibody titers below 20. Despite the negative results, VACV circulation in the region cannot be ruled out, mainly due to the small sample size and limited trapping effort. Furthermore, factors that may have influenced capture success were observed during the campaigns, including periods of heavy rainfall and the presence of domestic dogs near the sampled transects. The results obtained reinforce the importance of continuing studies involving active surveillance of zoonotic viruses in wildlife, especially in areas under anthropogenic influence. Such efforts contribute to a better understanding of the ecological dynamics of VACV and support the development of One Health surveillance strategies. Keywords: Zoonosis; Bovine vaccinia; Public health; Orthopoxvirus.
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DOMINGUES, Letícia Santos Silva. Investigação de vírus Vaccinia em gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) da Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. 2026. 55 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
