Prospecção, caracterização fenotípica e molecular de bactérias de solo e composto orgânico visando a construção de uma coleção microbiana para aplicação biotecnológica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A perda de produtividade agrícola causada por fitopatógenos, aliada à crescente resistência a antimicrobianos, tem impulsionado a busca por soluções biotecnológicas sustentáveis. Nesse cenário, solos e compostos orgânicos de áreas estratégicas constituem reservatórios de diversidade microbiana, destacando-se bactérias com diferentes papéis ecológicos, como mixobactérias (Myxococcota), Streptomyces (Actinomycetota) e gêneros associados à rizosfera (Dyella, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium), com atividade para biocontrole, promoção de crescimento vegetal e produção de compostos bioativos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo prospectar, isolar e caracterizar fenotípica e molecularmente esses grupos bacterianos a partir de solos amazônicos e de amostras da empresa Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA, no Ceará, visando à construção de uma coleção microbiana funcionalmente caracterizada para aplicações biotecnológicas sustentáveis. O estudo analisou 65 amostras de solo da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Negro (Amazonas) e isolados de coleções prévias obtidas a partir de amostras da empresa Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA. O isolamento foi realizado por meio de metodologia de isca de papel de filtro e isca de esterco de coelho. A caracterização incluiu análises morfológicas, identificação molecular (16S rRNA) e ensaios funcionais: atividade enzimática (amilase, celulase, lipase), solubilização de fosfato, predação bacteriana, produção de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs) em placas sanduíche e cultura pareada contra Fusarium oxysporum. O estudo contemplou 162 isolados, dos quais 44 pertenciam à coleção de bactérias do Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias e 118 foram isoladas de solos amazônicos. A caracterização das bactérias da coleção, permitiu caracterizar bactérias comumente isoladas por isca papel de filtro, onde foram detectados os gêneros Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium e Chitinophaga que mimetizam fenótipos de mixobactérias, reforçando a necessidade da identificação molecular. O isolamento de bactérias da Amazônia incluiu 69 mixobactérias (com 7 isolados identificados como Myxococcus e Corallococcus), 36 actinobactérias e 10 isolados do gênero Dyella, além de 3 bactérias não identificadas. Sete mixobactérias apresentaram predação contra Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Oito isolados de Dyella solubilizaram fosfato de alumínio. O isolado UFV CAB-C 25 inibiu Trichoderma sp. em 90,1% por VOCs com efeito fungistático até o 15° dia de avaliação, enquanto os isolados UFV 41.1 e UFV SEC S-PF 42.2 inibiram Fusarium oxysporum em mais de 60 % em cultura pareada após 15 dias de cultivo. A coleção microbiana construída apresenta diversidade taxonômica e potencial funcional, incluindo o primeiro relato de isolamento de mixobactérias em solos amazônicos. Os isolados obtidos demonstraram potencial para o biocontrole de patógenos agrícolas e clínicos, a promoção do crescimento vegetal por meio da solubilização de fosfato e a produção de compostos voláteis com potencial aplicação na fumigação biológica pós-colheita, contribuindo para a prospecção e o desenvolvimento de bioinsumos sustentáveis. Palavras-chave: Myxococcota; mixobactérias; Dyella; Actinobactérias; Streptomyces; biocontrole; solos amazônicos; bananicultura; compostos orgânicos voláteis; predação bacteriana.
Agricultural productivity losses caused by phytopathogens, together with the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance, have driven the search for sustainable biotechnological solutions. In this context, soils and organic composts from strategic environments represent important reservoirs of microbial diversity, harboring bacterial groups with distinct ecological functions, including myxobacteria (Myxococcota), Streptomyces (Actinomycetota), and rhizosphere-associated genera such as Dyella, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium, which exhibit potential for biological control, plant growth promotion, and the production of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to prospect, isolate, and perform phenotypic and molecular characterization of these bacterial groups from Amazonian soils and samples collected from Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA (Ceará, Brazil), with the goal of establishing a functionally characterized microbial collection for sustainable biotechnological applications. A total of 65 soil samples from the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve (Amazonas, Brazil) and bacterial isolates from previous collections obtained from Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA were analyzed. Bacterial isolation was performed using filter paper baiting and rabbit dung baiting methods. Characterization included morphological analyses, molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and functional assays evaluating enzymatic activities (amylase, cellulase, and lipase), phosphate solubilization, bacterial predation, production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the sandwich plate method, and dual culture assays against Fusarium oxysporum. A total of 162 bacterial isolates were evaluated, including 44 isolates from the Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory collection and 118 isolates obtained from Amazonian soils. Characterization of the laboratory collection revealed that bacterial genera commonly recovered by the filter paper baiting method, including Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Chitinophaga, may exhibit phenotypic traits that mimic those of myxobacteria, highlighting the importance of molecular identification for accurate taxonomic assignment. Isolation from Amazonian soils yielded 69 putative myxobacteria, including seven isolates identified as Myxococcus and Corallococcus, 36 actinobacteria, 10 isolates belonging to the genus Dyella, and three unidentified bacterialisolates. Seven myxobacterial isolates exhibited predatory activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Eight Dyella isolates were able to solubilize aluminum phosphate. The isolate UFV CAB-C 25 inhibited Trichoderma sp. by 90.1% through VOC production, maintaining a fungistatic effect for up to 15 days of evaluation. In addition, isolates UFV 41.1 and UFV SEC S-PF 42.2 inhibited Fusarium oxysporum by more than 60% in dual culture assays after 15 days of incubation. The constructed microbial collection exhibits taxonomic diversity and functional potential, including the first report of myxobacterial isolation from Amazonian soils. The constructed microbial collection exhibits taxonomic diversity and functional potential, including the first report of myxobacterial isolation from Amazonian soils. The isolates obtained demonstrated potential for the biocontrol of agricultural and clinical pathogens, the promotion of plant growth through phosphate solubilization, and the production of volatile compounds with potential applications in biological fumigation for postharvest management, contributing to the prospecting and development of sustainable biological inputs. Keywords: Myxococcota; myxobacteria; Dyella; Actinobacteria; Streptomyces; biocontrol; amazonian soils; banana production; volatile organic compounds; bacterial predation.
Agricultural productivity losses caused by phytopathogens, together with the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance, have driven the search for sustainable biotechnological solutions. In this context, soils and organic composts from strategic environments represent important reservoirs of microbial diversity, harboring bacterial groups with distinct ecological functions, including myxobacteria (Myxococcota), Streptomyces (Actinomycetota), and rhizosphere-associated genera such as Dyella, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium, which exhibit potential for biological control, plant growth promotion, and the production of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to prospect, isolate, and perform phenotypic and molecular characterization of these bacterial groups from Amazonian soils and samples collected from Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA (Ceará, Brazil), with the goal of establishing a functionally characterized microbial collection for sustainable biotechnological applications. A total of 65 soil samples from the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve (Amazonas, Brazil) and bacterial isolates from previous collections obtained from Sítio Barreiras Fruticultura LTDA were analyzed. Bacterial isolation was performed using filter paper baiting and rabbit dung baiting methods. Characterization included morphological analyses, molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and functional assays evaluating enzymatic activities (amylase, cellulase, and lipase), phosphate solubilization, bacterial predation, production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the sandwich plate method, and dual culture assays against Fusarium oxysporum. A total of 162 bacterial isolates were evaluated, including 44 isolates from the Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory collection and 118 isolates obtained from Amazonian soils. Characterization of the laboratory collection revealed that bacterial genera commonly recovered by the filter paper baiting method, including Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Chitinophaga, may exhibit phenotypic traits that mimic those of myxobacteria, highlighting the importance of molecular identification for accurate taxonomic assignment. Isolation from Amazonian soils yielded 69 putative myxobacteria, including seven isolates identified as Myxococcus and Corallococcus, 36 actinobacteria, 10 isolates belonging to the genus Dyella, and three unidentified bacterialisolates. Seven myxobacterial isolates exhibited predatory activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Eight Dyella isolates were able to solubilize aluminum phosphate. The isolate UFV CAB-C 25 inhibited Trichoderma sp. by 90.1% through VOC production, maintaining a fungistatic effect for up to 15 days of evaluation. In addition, isolates UFV 41.1 and UFV SEC S-PF 42.2 inhibited Fusarium oxysporum by more than 60% in dual culture assays after 15 days of incubation. The constructed microbial collection exhibits taxonomic diversity and functional potential, including the first report of myxobacterial isolation from Amazonian soils. The constructed microbial collection exhibits taxonomic diversity and functional potential, including the first report of myxobacterial isolation from Amazonian soils. The isolates obtained demonstrated potential for the biocontrol of agricultural and clinical pathogens, the promotion of plant growth through phosphate solubilization, and the production of volatile compounds with potential applications in biological fumigation for postharvest management, contributing to the prospecting and development of sustainable biological inputs. Keywords: Myxococcota; myxobacteria; Dyella; Actinobacteria; Streptomyces; biocontrol; amazonian soils; banana production; volatile organic compounds; bacterial predation.
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TEIXEIRA, Charles Araujo. Prospecção, caracterização fenotípica e molecular de bactérias de solo e composto orgânico visando a construção de uma coleção microbiana para aplicação biotecnológica. 2026. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
