Efeitos do consumo regular de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) associada à restrição calórica sobre marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, estresse oxidativo e de longevidade celular em mulheres em risco cardiometabólico: estudo castanhas brasileiras
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2023-02-24
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O consumo de catanha-do-brasil (CB) no contexto da alimentação habitual foi associado a benefícios à saúde, por meio de mecanimos como melhora do perfil lipídico, status antioxidante, estresse oxidativo, inflamação, entre outros. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do consumo de CB aliada a dieta restrita em calorias por oito semanas sobre indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal, marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, de saúde endotelial, estresse oxidativo e de longevidade celular em mulheres em risco cardiometabólico. Para isso, 25 mulheres receberam dieta restrita em 500 calorias + 2 unidades/dia de CB (~340 µg de selênio) (GCB) e em paralelo 24 mullheres receberam apenas dieta restrita em 500 kcal (GC). Indicadores antropométricos (peso, altura, perímetros da cintura, do pescoço e do quadril), de composição corporal (massa de gordura, massa magra e massa livre de gordura do corpo total e das regiões do tronco, adroide e ginóide), marcadores bioquímicos (marcadores do metabolismos lipídico, glicídico e hepático), de estresse oxidativo e status antioxidante (selênio, óxido nítrico, malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, glutationa peroxidase, LDL oxidada, dano ao DNA), função endotelial (moléculas de adesão) e de longevidade celular (telomerase e comprimento absoluto dos telômeros) foram avaliados antes e após o período de intervenção. Testes de hipóteses bilaterais foram usados para avaliar os efeitos intra e entre grupos. O software SPSS versão 20.0 foi usado para as análises, e adotou-se um nível de significância estatística de 5% em todas as análises. A perda de peso, o dano ao DNA e o comprimento telomérico foram similares entre os grupos avaliados após o período de intervenção. No entanto, as participantes do GCB apresentaram aumento dos níveis séricos de selênio, bem como da atividade antioxidante total do plasma pelo método de redução do ferro, aumento de apolipoproteína A e também dos níveis plasmáticos da enzima telomerase comparado ao GC. Além disso, o GCB teve redução mais acentuada da circunferência da cintura, da relação cintura-estatura, de enzimas hepáticas, de óxido nítrico e de malondialdeído em paralelo a percentuais de massa magra e livre de gordura mais preservados em relação ao GC. Os níveis plasmáticos e a expressão mRNA de superóxido dismutase 1 diminuíram após o consumo de CB comparado a linha de base. Adicionalmente, observamos correlações significantes entre alterações nos níveis séricos de selênio e as mudanças em parte desses marcadores. Conclui-se que a incorporação da CB em um regime de restrição calórica de 8 semanas levou a melhora em marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, status antioxidante, estresse oxidativo e de longevidade celular em mulheres em risco cardiometabólico. Os achados aqui resportados podem embasar novos mecanismos pelos quais o consumo de CB exerce efeitos benefícos a saúde humana, bem como a inter-relação entre selênio, adiposidade, aterogênese, estresse oxidativo e longevidade. Palavras-chave: Estresse oxidativo. Longevidade. Nutrigenômica. Oleaginosas. Perda de peso. Selênio. Telomerase. Telômeros.
Brazil nut (BN) consumption in the context of the usual diet was associated with health benefits, through mechanisms such as improved in the lipid profile, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, inflammation, among others. The objective was to evaluate the effect of BN consumption combined with an energy-restricted diet for eight weeks on anthropometric and body composition indicators, cardiometabolic risk markers, endothelial health, oxidative stress, and cellular longevity in women at cardiometabolic risk. For this, 25 women received an energy- restricted diet of 500 calories + 2 units/day of BN (~340 µg of selenium) (BN-group) and in parallel, 24 women received only an energy-restricted diet of 500 kcal (CG). Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, waist, neck, and hip circumferences), body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and fat-free mass of the total body and trunk, adroid, and gynoid regions), biochemical markers (markers of lipid, glucose, and liver metabolism), oxidative stress and antioxidant status (nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, oxidized LDL, DNA damage), endothelial function (adhesion molecules) and cell longevity (telomerase and absolute telomere length) were evaluated before and after the intervention period. Two-way hypothesis tests were used to assess intra- and between-group effects. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for the analyses, and a statistical significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. Weight loss, DNA damage, and telomere length were similar between groups after the intervention period. However, the BN-group participants showed increased serum selenium levels, increased plasma total antioxidant activity by the iron reduction method, increased apolipoprotein A, and increased plasma levels of the enzyme telomerase compared to the CG. In addition, the BN-group had a more pronounced reduction in waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, liver enzymes, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde in parallel with more preserved percentages of lean and fat-free mass compared to the CG. Plasma levels and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 decreased after BN consumption compared to baseline. Additionally, we observed significant correlations between changes in serum selenium levels and changes in some of these markers. It is concluded that an 8-week energy-restricted regimen improved markers of cardiometabolic risk, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and cellular longevity in women at cardiometabolic risk. The findings reported here may support new mechanisms by which BN consumption exerts beneficial effects on human health, as well as the interrelationship between selenium, adiposity, atherogenesis, oxidative stress, and longevity. Keywords: Oxidative stress. Longevity. Nutrigenomic. Oilseeds. Weight loss. Selenium. Telomerase. Telomere.
Brazil nut (BN) consumption in the context of the usual diet was associated with health benefits, through mechanisms such as improved in the lipid profile, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, inflammation, among others. The objective was to evaluate the effect of BN consumption combined with an energy-restricted diet for eight weeks on anthropometric and body composition indicators, cardiometabolic risk markers, endothelial health, oxidative stress, and cellular longevity in women at cardiometabolic risk. For this, 25 women received an energy- restricted diet of 500 calories + 2 units/day of BN (~340 µg of selenium) (BN-group) and in parallel, 24 women received only an energy-restricted diet of 500 kcal (CG). Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, waist, neck, and hip circumferences), body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and fat-free mass of the total body and trunk, adroid, and gynoid regions), biochemical markers (markers of lipid, glucose, and liver metabolism), oxidative stress and antioxidant status (nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, oxidized LDL, DNA damage), endothelial function (adhesion molecules) and cell longevity (telomerase and absolute telomere length) were evaluated before and after the intervention period. Two-way hypothesis tests were used to assess intra- and between-group effects. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for the analyses, and a statistical significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. Weight loss, DNA damage, and telomere length were similar between groups after the intervention period. However, the BN-group participants showed increased serum selenium levels, increased plasma total antioxidant activity by the iron reduction method, increased apolipoprotein A, and increased plasma levels of the enzyme telomerase compared to the CG. In addition, the BN-group had a more pronounced reduction in waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, liver enzymes, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde in parallel with more preserved percentages of lean and fat-free mass compared to the CG. Plasma levels and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 decreased after BN consumption compared to baseline. Additionally, we observed significant correlations between changes in serum selenium levels and changes in some of these markers. It is concluded that an 8-week energy-restricted regimen improved markers of cardiometabolic risk, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and cellular longevity in women at cardiometabolic risk. The findings reported here may support new mechanisms by which BN consumption exerts beneficial effects on human health, as well as the interrelationship between selenium, adiposity, atherogenesis, oxidative stress, and longevity. Keywords: Oxidative stress. Longevity. Nutrigenomic. Oilseeds. Weight loss. Selenium. Telomerase. Telomere.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Castanha-do-brasil na nutrição humana, Telômero, Telomerase, Longevidade, Nutrigenômica, Selênio, Sementes oleaginosas, Redução de peso
Citação
SILVA, Alessandra da. Efeitos do consumo regular de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) associada à restrição calórica sobre marcadores de risco cardiometabólico, estresse oxidativo e de longevidade celular em mulheres em risco cardiometabólico: estudo castanhas brasileiras. 2023. 216 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.