Entre rios e floresta: a interiorização da educação superior no contexto amazônico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Nesta pesquisa, analisou-se a expansão da educação superior no estado do Amazonas a partir da política de interiorização implementada pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), no período de 2015 a 2025, com foco nos cursos de graduação ofertados na modalidade de oferta especial no interior do estado. Partiu- se do pressuposto de que a ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior em contextos marcados por desigualdades estruturais e isolamento geográfico exige mais do que crescimento quantitativo, demandando análise multidimensional da qualidade da oferta educacional. Na pesquisa, realizaram-se o levantamento e a sistematização de todos os cursos de graduação de oferta especial oferecidos pela UEA no período analisado. Para isso, foram considerados os municípios contemplados, a distribuição geográfica dos cursos, as estruturas acadêmicas disponíveis para execução das atividades e os resultados das avaliações externas realizadas pelo Conselho Estadual de Educação do Amazonas. Assim, buscou-se compreender se a expansão territorial da oferta foi acompanhada por padrões satisfatórios de qualidades acadêmica e institucional. De natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo-analítico, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se como estudo de caso centrado na UEA. Articulou-se uma análise bibliográfica e documental, visando à interpretação de marcos normativos, institucionais e avaliativos, bem como à sistematização de dados da oferta acadêmica. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, a organização da pesquisa foi diretamente trabalhada no modelo conceitual adotado, que operacionaliza a qualidade da expansão a partir de três dimensões interdependentes: abrangência territorial, consolidação da oferta acadêmica e avaliação externa dos cursos. No modelo analítico da pesquisa, a qualidade da expansão foi compreendida como categoria relacional, situada no núcleo da análise e sustentada pelas dimensões anteriormente mencionadas, o que permitiu avaliar não apenas a ampliação da presença institucional da universidade no interior do Amazonas, mas também as condições de funcionamento e consolidação da oferta educacional. O referencial teórico foi estruturado a partir da discussão sobre a importância da educação superior para o desenvolvimento social e econômico, abordando a formação e expansão desse nível de ensino no Brasil, bem como o papel da universidade na formação do capital humano. A discussão contemplou, também, o federalismo educacional, as políticas públicas de expansão do ensino superior, o papel regulador do estado e os processos de avaliação da educação superior como instrumentos de garantia da qualidade, com destaque para a avaliação no âmbito do Sistema Estadual de Ensino. Os resultados evidenciaram que a política de interiorização da UEA desempenha papel estratégico na ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior em municípios remotos e historicamente desassistidos, contribuindo para a democratização da educação superior na região amazônica. Contudo, a pesquisa também revelou a permanência de limitações estruturais, desigualdades de infraestrutura e desafios relacionados à continuidade da oferta e à permanência estudantil. Fato esse que demonstrou que a efetividade da política depende do fortalecimento das condições institucionais e da redução das assimetrias regionais. Concluiu-se que a interiorização da UEA representa um avanço significativo na ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior no Amazonas, especialmente por meio da modalidade de oferta especial, embora sua consolidação demande políticas contínuas de financiamento, avaliação e fortalecimento institucional. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para o debate acerca do aprimoramento das políticas de interiorização da educação superior, articulando acesso, permanência e qualidade no contexto amazônico. Palavras-chave: Educação superior; Interiorização; Políticas públicas e educacionais; Condicionantes territoriais; Avaliação da qualidade da educação
This research analyzes the expansion of higher education in the state of Amazonas through the interiorization policy implemented by the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) between 2015 and 2025, focusing on undergraduate programs offered through the special offer modality in the interior regions of the state. The study is based on the assumption that expanding access to higher education in contexts marked by structural inequalities and geographic isolation requires more than quantitative growth, demanding a multidimensional analysis of the quality of educational provision. The research carries out a survey and systematization of all special offer undergraduate programs provided by UEA during the analyzed period, considering the municipalities served, the geographic distribution of the programs, the academic infrastructure available for their operation, and the results of external evaluations conducted by the State Council of Education of Amazonas. The objective is to understand whether the territorial expansion of educational provision has been accompanied by satisfactory standards of academic and institutional quality. Applied in nature, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical character, the research is developed as a case study centered on UEA, combining bibliographic and documentary analysis with the interpretation of normative, institutional, and evaluative frameworks, as well as the systematization of academic provision data. In the methodological procedures, the organization of the research is directly linked to the adopted conceptual model, which operationalizes the quality of expansion based on three interdependent dimensions: territorial coverage, consolidation of academic provision, and external evaluation of the programs. In the analytical model of the research, the quality of expansion is understood as a relational category, situated at the core of the analysis and supported by the aforementioned dimensions, allowing the assessment not only of the expansion of the university’s institutional presence in the interior of Amazonas, but also of the operating conditions and consolidation of educational provision. The theoretical framework is structured around the discussion of the importance of higher education for social and economic development, addressing the formation and expansion of this educational level in Brazil, as well as the role of the university in human capital development. The discussion also encompasses educational federalism, public policies for higher education expansion, the regulatory role of the State, and higher education evaluation processes as instruments for quality assurance, with emphasis on evaluation within the State Education System. The results demonstrate that UEA’s interiorization policy plays a strategic role in expanding access to higher education in remote and historically underserved municipalities, contributing to the democratization of higher education in the Amazon region. However, the research also reveals the persistence of structural limitations, infrastructure inequalities, and challenges related to the continuity of educational provision and student retention, demonstrating that the effectiveness of the policy depends on strengthening institutional conditions and reducing regional asymmetries. It is concluded that UEA’s interiorization policy represents a significant advance in expanding access to higher education in Amazonas, especially through the special offer modality, although its consolidation requires continuous policies of funding, evaluation, and institutional strengthening. It is expected that this research will contribute to the debate on improving higher education interiorization policies, articulating access, permanence, and quality within the Amazonian context. Keywords: Higher education; Interiorization; Public and educational policies; Territorial constraints; Quality assessment in higher education.
This research analyzes the expansion of higher education in the state of Amazonas through the interiorization policy implemented by the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) between 2015 and 2025, focusing on undergraduate programs offered through the special offer modality in the interior regions of the state. The study is based on the assumption that expanding access to higher education in contexts marked by structural inequalities and geographic isolation requires more than quantitative growth, demanding a multidimensional analysis of the quality of educational provision. The research carries out a survey and systematization of all special offer undergraduate programs provided by UEA during the analyzed period, considering the municipalities served, the geographic distribution of the programs, the academic infrastructure available for their operation, and the results of external evaluations conducted by the State Council of Education of Amazonas. The objective is to understand whether the territorial expansion of educational provision has been accompanied by satisfactory standards of academic and institutional quality. Applied in nature, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical character, the research is developed as a case study centered on UEA, combining bibliographic and documentary analysis with the interpretation of normative, institutional, and evaluative frameworks, as well as the systematization of academic provision data. In the methodological procedures, the organization of the research is directly linked to the adopted conceptual model, which operationalizes the quality of expansion based on three interdependent dimensions: territorial coverage, consolidation of academic provision, and external evaluation of the programs. In the analytical model of the research, the quality of expansion is understood as a relational category, situated at the core of the analysis and supported by the aforementioned dimensions, allowing the assessment not only of the expansion of the university’s institutional presence in the interior of Amazonas, but also of the operating conditions and consolidation of educational provision. The theoretical framework is structured around the discussion of the importance of higher education for social and economic development, addressing the formation and expansion of this educational level in Brazil, as well as the role of the university in human capital development. The discussion also encompasses educational federalism, public policies for higher education expansion, the regulatory role of the State, and higher education evaluation processes as instruments for quality assurance, with emphasis on evaluation within the State Education System. The results demonstrate that UEA’s interiorization policy plays a strategic role in expanding access to higher education in remote and historically underserved municipalities, contributing to the democratization of higher education in the Amazon region. However, the research also reveals the persistence of structural limitations, infrastructure inequalities, and challenges related to the continuity of educational provision and student retention, demonstrating that the effectiveness of the policy depends on strengthening institutional conditions and reducing regional asymmetries. It is concluded that UEA’s interiorization policy represents a significant advance in expanding access to higher education in Amazonas, especially through the special offer modality, although its consolidation requires continuous policies of funding, evaluation, and institutional strengthening. It is expected that this research will contribute to the debate on improving higher education interiorization policies, articulating access, permanence, and quality within the Amazonian context. Keywords: Higher education; Interiorization; Public and educational policies; Territorial constraints; Quality assessment in higher education.
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VIRGOLINO, Carla Beatriz Teixeira. Entre rios e floresta: a interiorização da educação superior no contexto amazônico. 2026. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
