Diversas faces do déficit habitacional dos municípios paulistas segundo áreas de ponderação
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A Fundação João Pinheiro calculou que, em 2019, o déficit habitacional do Brasil era de 5.876.699 de moradias, evidenciando os desafios da política habitacional do país. Porém, esse não é um resultado dos últimos anos, a questão habitacional é histórica no Brasil. Desde o final do século XIX, o país passou por diversas fases e experiências habitacionais que não foram suficientes e culminaram no vultuoso déficit habitacional atual. Entretanto, além do elevado déficit, o Brasil também demorou a formular uma metodologia para definir e contabilizar o seu déficit habitacional. A formalização de uma metodologia só ocorreu em meados da década de 1990 pela Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP), o método analisa o problema a partir de quatro componentes: 1) Habitação precária, subdividida em: I) Domicílios improvisados e II) Domicílios rústicos; 2) Coabitação familiar; 3) Ônus excessivo com aluguel urbano; e 4) Adensamento excessivo de domicílios alugados. Portanto, nos últimos 30 anos, é ela quem tem trabalhado para a contabilização do déficit nacional, atualizando frequentemente o seu método. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o déficit habitacional de 40 municípios paulistas segundo as Áreas de Ponderação da amostra do Censo Demográfico 2010. A análise contou com o auxílio de cartogramas elaborados no QGIS e da análise cluster hierárquica realizada no SPSS. Os resultados da análise evidenciaram que as diferenças e as similaridades entre as feições da manifestação do déficit habitacional estão ligadas às diferentes nuances do processo de urbanização do estado de São Paulo. Palavras-chave: déficit habitacional; áreas de ponderação; municípios paulistas; São Paulo
In 2019, João Pinheiro Fundation calculated the brazilian housing deficit was 5.876.699 dwelling, highlighting the challenges faced by housing policies in the country. However, this is not a result from the last years, the housing issue is historical in Brazil. Since the late 19th century, the country has experienced various phases and attempts to address the housing issue, but these efforts have not been sufficient, resulting in a significant housing deficit. Nevertheless, besides the great deficit, Brazil took a long time to develop a methodology to define and measure the housing shortage. It was only in the mid-1990s that the João Pinheiro Foundation (JPF) established a methodology to assess the problem. This method analyzes the issue across four components: 1) Precarious housing, subdivided into: I) Improvised homes and II) Rustic homes; 2) Familiar cohabitation; 3) Excessive burden on urban rent; e 4) Excessive densification of rented homes. Over the past 30 years, the foundation has continued to work on measuring the national deficit, regularly updating the methodology. This study aims to analyze the housing deficit in 40 municipalities in São Paulo, using the Areas of Weighting from the 2010 Census sample. The analysis was aided by cartograms developed using QGIS and hierarchical cluster analysis conducted with SPSS. The results revealed that the differences and similarities in housing deficit manifestations are linked to the distinct nuances of the urbanization process in the state of São Paulo. Keywords: housing deficit; areas of weighting; paulistas municipalities; São Paulo
In 2019, João Pinheiro Fundation calculated the brazilian housing deficit was 5.876.699 dwelling, highlighting the challenges faced by housing policies in the country. However, this is not a result from the last years, the housing issue is historical in Brazil. Since the late 19th century, the country has experienced various phases and attempts to address the housing issue, but these efforts have not been sufficient, resulting in a significant housing deficit. Nevertheless, besides the great deficit, Brazil took a long time to develop a methodology to define and measure the housing shortage. It was only in the mid-1990s that the João Pinheiro Foundation (JPF) established a methodology to assess the problem. This method analyzes the issue across four components: 1) Precarious housing, subdivided into: I) Improvised homes and II) Rustic homes; 2) Familiar cohabitation; 3) Excessive burden on urban rent; e 4) Excessive densification of rented homes. Over the past 30 years, the foundation has continued to work on measuring the national deficit, regularly updating the methodology. This study aims to analyze the housing deficit in 40 municipalities in São Paulo, using the Areas of Weighting from the 2010 Census sample. The analysis was aided by cartograms developed using QGIS and hierarchical cluster analysis conducted with SPSS. The results revealed that the differences and similarities in housing deficit manifestations are linked to the distinct nuances of the urbanization process in the state of São Paulo. Keywords: housing deficit; areas of weighting; paulistas municipalities; São Paulo
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MORENO, Filipe Aleixo. Diversas faces do déficit habitacional dos municípios paulistas segundo áreas de ponderação. 2025. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
