Expressões da desigualdade: perspectivas de formação intelectual da classe trabalhadora a partir da experiência do Cursinho Popular Nova Viçosa (Viçosa-MG)
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O primeiro decênio dos anos 2000, no Brasil, foi marcado por mudanças no setor produtivo, com a geração de empregos formais e novas formas de organização do trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo, foram promovidas políticas públicas de expansão e democratização do ensino superior público. A partir de 2016, no entanto, o cenário foi alterado por meio de um golpe institucional que expressou os limites da conciliação de classes e fortaleceu o projeto neoliberal numa versão radicalizada de Estado mínimo. Neste contexto, esta dissertação objetivou compreender as perspectivas e os desafios lançados à classe trabalhadora quanto à sua formação intelectual a partir da experiência do Cursinho Popular Nova Viçosa, projeto fomentado, entre os anos de 2018 e 2019, pelo terreiro de candomblé Ylê Axé Omo Ayê ati Omim. Situado no bairro Nova Viçosa, periferia de Viçosa-MG, esta iniciativa contou com o apoio do poder público municipal e expressiva presença de trabalhadores nas aulas ao longo do ano de 2018. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa com abordagem crítico-interpretativa mediada pelas análises de documentos e pelas técnicas da triangulação entre as literaturas levantadas, entrevistas semiestruturadas com coordenadores do cursinho, apoiadores externos, educadores e educandos do projeto; e os documentos institucionais. A análise sócio-política da empiria foi norteada pelos conceitos desenvolvidos por Gramsci (2001), a saber: hegemonia, ideologia e intelectuais, entre outros. Foi possível verificar que, em relação aos trabalhadores e sua formação intelectual, mesmo com a presença da Universidade Federal de Viçosa na cidade desde a década de 1970, foi a partir da criação das políticas públicas de acesso ao ensino superior, especialmente o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e a Lei de Cotas, que esses sujeitos sentiram-se estimulados a ingressar em instituições de ensino superior, dando continuidade a seus estudos. A decisão de frequentar o projeto enquanto alternativa de formação foi justificada pela possibilidade de melhoria profissional por meio da obtenção de diploma de curso superior, ou por meio de concursos públicos. Ao mesmo tempo, o trabalho figurou como fator limitante à medida que atrasos e ausências eram justificadas pela inflexibilidade de seus empregos. Para além das questões que circundam o mundo do trabalho, foi possível constatar que o projeto atuou enquanto processo organizativo pois foi também um espaço de convivência da comunidade com foco na educação. No entanto, a intolerância religiosa foi apontada como forte fator para o baixo número de matrículas no ano de 2019, o que evidencia a forma como a ideologia hegemônica, alicerçada no movimento neopentecostal e antidemocrático, tem se expressado nas relações sociais. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Mundo do Trabalho. Políticas Públicas.
The first decade of the 2000s in Brazil was marked by changes in the productive sector, with the generation of formal jobs and new forms of work organization. At the same time, public policies for the expansion and democratization of public higher education were promoted. As of 2016, however, the scenario was changed through an institutional coup that expressed the limits of class conciliation and strengthened the neoliberal project in a radicalized version of the minimal state. In this context, this dissertation aimed to understand the perspectives and challenges thrown to the working class regarding their intellectual formation from the experience of the Cursinho Popular Nova Viçosa, a project promoted, between the years of 2018 and 2019, by the candomblé terreiro Ylê Axé Omo Ayê ati Omim. Located in the Nova Viçosa neighborhood, on the outskirts of Viçosa-MG, this initiative was supported by the municipal government and an expressive presence of workers in classes throughout 2018. The methodology used was qualitative with a critical-interpretative approach mediated by document analysis and by the triangulation techniques between the literatures surveyed, semi-structured interviews with course coordinators, external supporters, educators and students of the project and with institutional documents. The socio-political analysis of empirics was guided by the concepts developed by Gramsci (2001), namely: hegemony, ideology and intellectuals, among others. It was possible to verify that, in relation to workers and their intellectual training, even with the presence of the Federal University of Viçosa in the city since the 1970s, it was from the creation of public access policies, especially ENEM and the quota laws , that these subjects felt encouraged to enter higher education institutions, continuing their studies. The decision to attend the project as a training alternative was justified by the possibility of professional improvement through obtaining a higher education degree, or through public exams. At the same time, working was a limiting factor, as delays and absences were justified by the inflexibility of their jobs. In addition to the issues surrounding the world of work, it was possible to verify that the project acted as an organizational process because it was also a space for the community to coexist with a focus on education. Despite this, religious intolerance was identified as a strong factor for the low number of enrollments in 2019, which shows how the neoliberal ideology, together with the neo-Pentecostal and anti-democratic movement, has been expressed in social relations today. Keywords: Higher Education. World of Work. Public Policies.
The first decade of the 2000s in Brazil was marked by changes in the productive sector, with the generation of formal jobs and new forms of work organization. At the same time, public policies for the expansion and democratization of public higher education were promoted. As of 2016, however, the scenario was changed through an institutional coup that expressed the limits of class conciliation and strengthened the neoliberal project in a radicalized version of the minimal state. In this context, this dissertation aimed to understand the perspectives and challenges thrown to the working class regarding their intellectual formation from the experience of the Cursinho Popular Nova Viçosa, a project promoted, between the years of 2018 and 2019, by the candomblé terreiro Ylê Axé Omo Ayê ati Omim. Located in the Nova Viçosa neighborhood, on the outskirts of Viçosa-MG, this initiative was supported by the municipal government and an expressive presence of workers in classes throughout 2018. The methodology used was qualitative with a critical-interpretative approach mediated by document analysis and by the triangulation techniques between the literatures surveyed, semi-structured interviews with course coordinators, external supporters, educators and students of the project and with institutional documents. The socio-political analysis of empirics was guided by the concepts developed by Gramsci (2001), namely: hegemony, ideology and intellectuals, among others. It was possible to verify that, in relation to workers and their intellectual training, even with the presence of the Federal University of Viçosa in the city since the 1970s, it was from the creation of public access policies, especially ENEM and the quota laws , that these subjects felt encouraged to enter higher education institutions, continuing their studies. The decision to attend the project as a training alternative was justified by the possibility of professional improvement through obtaining a higher education degree, or through public exams. At the same time, working was a limiting factor, as delays and absences were justified by the inflexibility of their jobs. In addition to the issues surrounding the world of work, it was possible to verify that the project acted as an organizational process because it was also a space for the community to coexist with a focus on education. Despite this, religious intolerance was identified as a strong factor for the low number of enrollments in 2019, which shows how the neoliberal ideology, together with the neo-Pentecostal and anti-democratic movement, has been expressed in social relations today. Keywords: Higher Education. World of Work. Public Policies.
Description
Citation
DIAS, Júlia Fitaroni Moreira. Expressões da desigualdade: perspectivas de formação intelectual da classe trabalhadora a partir da experiência do Cursinho Popular Nova Viçosa (Viçosa-MG). 2020. 98 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
