Veterinária
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Avaliação in vitro do fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos de equinos ( Nematoda: Cyathostominae)(Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2009-12) Braga, Fabio R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Silva, André R.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Campos, Artur K.A capacidade predatória de um isolado de fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos foi avaliada em condições laboratoriais em ensaio experimental em meio ágar-água 2% (AA 2%). Houve redução significativa (p < 0,01) de 93,64% na média de larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos recuperadas do meio AA2%, ao final de sete dias. Os resultados desse ensaio evidenciam que o isolado fúngico AC001 poderia ser utilizado no controle biológico de ciatostomíneos de equinos.Item Nematicide activity of microfungi (Orbiliales, Orbiliaceae) after transit through gastrointenstinal tract of “Gallus gallus domesticus”(Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 2017-01) Silva, Manoel Eduardo da; Silveira, Wendeo Ferreira da; Braga, Fábio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor deParasites are common in intensive or organics systems destined for chickens, which is more conducive to the emergence of gastrointestinal parasites, favored by direct contact with soil and other organisms. The growing demand for animal protein stimulates an expansion of production systems, increasing the stocking density. Outdoor poultry breeding systems (organic or not) that enable lower population density and higher animal welfare does not exclude these animals the presence of environmental pathogens. The control of gastrointestinal helminthosis in non-organic intensive and extensive systems is accomplished by administering anthelmintics with high cost and results unsatisfactory due to the misuse of drugs with consequent selection parasite strains resistant to chemical bases. This problem stimulate research into alternative control measures. Nematophagous fungi are used by its enzymatic action in controlled conditions and how environmental biocontrolers of larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock. This study evaluated the capacity of conidia/chlamydospores of nematophagous fungi as Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34A) for cross the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and yours germination after traffic and predatory activity “in vitro” on larvae of Panagrellus spp. Fungi conidia/chlamydospores was identified in feces of chickens at times of 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration and spores viability was found after observing the germination, mycelial growth, followed by production of traps, capture and death of Panagrellus spp larvae in feces. Fungi Nematophagous are alternative control measures, efficient and innovative technology for the biological control of helminth parasites of chickens.Item Control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites using pellets of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium(Ciência Rural, 2004-03) Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Guimarães, Marcos Pezzi; Campos, Artur Kanadani; Sá, Nilo Chaves de; Sarti, Priscilla; Assis, Rafaela Carolina LopesThe viability of a formulation of the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium associated with ivermectin was evaluated for the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Four groups of five calves each were placed in pastures with a stocking rate of 1.6 animal/hectare. In group 1 (control), the calves did not receive any treatment. In group 2, each animal received 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium orally twice a week during a six-month period that began with the onset of the rainy season (October 23, 2000). In group 3, each animal received 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium orally twice a week during the same period as 2, as well as two strategic treatments with ivermectin (200 mcg/kg) on May 10, 2001 and July 5, 2001. In group 4, the animals were treated with ivermectin alone as described for group 3. EPG counts for group 1 were significantly greater (P< 0.01) than those for groups 2 and 3 and the difference at the end of the study period was near 100%. The EPGs of group 4 animals remained high until the first strategic treatment with ivermectin. Values for groups 1 and 4 differed significantly (P< 0.05) from those of groups 2 and 3 from December 2000 onwards. It was concluded that the use of this dose and periodicity of application of M. thaumasium pellets makes the application of anthelminthic treatments unnecessary.Item Atividade predatória, crescimento radial e esporulação de fungos predadores de nematóides Monacrosporium spp, submetidos à criopreservação(Ciência Rural, 2004-03) Campos, Artur Kanadani; Mota, Marcelo de Andrade; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Cecon, Paulo RobertoTestes in vitro foram realizados para avaliar o efeito da criopreservação em nitrogênio líquido com e sem adição de crioprotetores (DMSO ou glicerol), na atividade predatória sobre larvas infectantes de Cooperia sp e Haemonchus sp, crescimento radial e produção de conídios de dois isolados de fungos predadores de nematóides (Monacrosporium sinense e Monacrosporium appendiculatum). A capacidade predatória dos fungos sobre larvas infectantes de Cooperia sp e Haemonchus sp dos fungos previamente submetidos aos diferentes métodos de preservação não foi afetada. O crescimento radial dos fungos criopreservados com glicerol 10% foi mais expressivo(p<0,05), quando comparado ao apresentado pelos fungos congelados com DMSO 10 % ou água. A produção de esporos foi maior (p< 0,05) no fungo M. appendiculatum preservado a 4ºC em geladeira.Item Using the fungus Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides as a sustainable strategy to reduce numbers of infective larvae of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes(Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2018-10) Oliveira, Isabela de Castro; Carvalho, Lorendane Millena de; Vieira, Ítalo Stoupa; Campos, Artur Kanadani; Freitas, Samuel Galvão; Araujo, Juliana Milani de; Braga, Fábio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor deResearch in the area of sanitation in ruminant production has focused on discovery of potential agents for biological control of helminths with nematophagous fungi and has provided evidence of success. The antagonistic potential of the fungus Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides on infective larvae of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, an in vivo test of the resistance to digestive processes and viability of the fungus was carried out using a formulation based on sodium alginate administered orally in cattle. Production of conidia and chlamydospores was high. In in vitro tests, the number of infective nematode larvae was reduced 68.7% by the fungus in the treated group compared to the control group. The interaction between the fungus and the nematodes was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Plates containing fecal samples collected after oral administration of 100 g of pellets containing the A. cladodes fungus showed that the fungus survived passage through the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, grew on agar, formed traps and preyed on L3 larvae of gastrointestinal parasites. The results of the present study provide a new opportunity for alternative, environmentally safe control of ruminant nematodes.Item Predation of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae by nematophagous fungi in different conidial concentrations(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-05-12) Maciel, A. S.; Araújo, J. V.; Campos, A. K.; Lopes, E. A.; Freitas, L. G.In the present work, it was evaluated the in vitro effect of 12 isolates from the fungal species Arthrobotrys, Duddingtonia, Nematoctonus and Monacrosporium genera in different conidial concentrations on the capture of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae (L3), on 2% water-agar medium at 25 °C, at the end of a period of 7 days. The concentrations used for each nematophagous fungus were 1000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 conidia/Petri dish plated with 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L3. All nematode-trapping fungi isolates tested reduced the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L3 recovered, with the increase of the fungal inoculum concentration, in comparison to the fungus-free control (p < 0.05). The adhesive network producing species were better predators than the constricting ring or adhesive knob producing species. Duddingtonia flagrans (Isolate CG768) was the most effective, reducing the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L3 recovered in 92.8%, 96.3%, 97.5%, 98.3% and 98.9%, respectively in five fungal inoculum concentrations established. Other effective nematophagous fungi were Arthrobotrys robusta (Isolate I31), which reduced the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L3 recovered in 85.4%, 88.3%, 90.7%, 92.5% and 95.2%, and Arthrobotrys oligospora (Isolate A183), with reductions of 66.6%, 79.8%, 86.8%, 89.5% and 90.8%, respectively for both, in the five fungal inoculum concentrations established. No difference was found between Isolates A183 and I31 in the conidial concentrations of 15,000/Petri dish. Nematoctonus robustus (Isolate D1) and Arthrobotrys bronchophaga (Isolate AB) had the smallest percentages of reduction among the tested isolates and showed the lowest predacious activity. The Isolates CG768, I31 and A183 were considered potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma spp. dog free-living stages, being directly influenced by the fungal inoculum concentration.Item Ovicidal effect of nematophagous fungi on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs(World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009-03) Braga, F. R.; Araújo, J. V.; Carvalho, R. O.; Silva, A. R.; Araujo, J. M.; Tavela, A. O.; Costa, P. R. S.; Campos, A. K.This work evaluated the ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungi Monacrosporium sinense (SF53), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1) on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs in laboratory conditions. T. taeniaeformis eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus and examined at seven and fourteen days post-inoculation. At the end of the experiment, P. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity (P < 0.01) on T. taeniaeformis eggs unlike the other two species, mainly for internal egg colonization with percentage results of 32.2–54.0% at 7th and 14th day, respectively. The other fungi only showed lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshell. Results demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was in vitro effective against Taenia taeniaeformis eggs unlike the other fungi. In this way, the use of P. chlamydosporia is suggested as a potential biological control agent for eggs of this cestode.Item Biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis by Duddingtonia flagrans in a semi-arid region of the northeastern Brazil(Veterinary Parasitology, 2012-08-13) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Feitosa, Thais Ferreira; Souto, Diego Vagner de Oliveira; Santos, Herbis Eduardo da Silva; Silva, Gabriela Lucena Longo da; Athayde, Ana Célia RodriguesThe aim of this study was to test a pellet formulation in a sodium alginate matrix of Duddingtonia flagrans in the biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminths kept in a native pasture in a semi-arid region of Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. An area of 2.4 ha was divided into three paddocks, where groups of seven goats ware formed. Each group received the following treatments during the months of March to August 2011: D. flagrans group, received 3 g of pellets containing D. flagrans (AC001) for each 10 kg/l. w., twice a week; Moxidectin 0.2% group, received 0.2 mg/kg of Moxidectin 0.2% orally, every 30 days; Control group, received 3 g of pellets without fungi per 10 kg/l. w., twice a week. Each month, a tracer goat was placed in each group for 30 days and then sacrificed and necropsied. The D. flagrans group showed a greater reduction in EPG, increased weight gain, higher rates of packed cell volume and lower parasitic load burden in the tracer goats compared to Moxidectin 0.2% and Control groups. D. flagrans was efficient in controlling goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.Item Activity of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia, Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-12-03) Araujo, Juliana Milani; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Ferreira, Sebastião RodrigoNematophagous fungi are potential biological control agents of helminths. The in vitro ovicidal effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4), Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) was evaluated on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum, a cestode parasite of dogs, cats and humans. One thousand egg capsules of D. caninum were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. The ovicidal activity of these fungi was evaluated 5, 10 and 15 days after incubation. Only P. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity (p < 0.05) on D. caninum egg capsules, of 19.6% (VC1) and 20% (VC4) on the 5th day; 44.2% (VC1) and 31.5% (VC4) on the 10th day; and 49.2% (VC1) and 41.9% (VC4) on the 15th day. D. flagrans and M. thaumasium caused no morphological damage to egg capsules. The results demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was in vitro effective against capsules and eggs of D. caninum, and can be considered as a potential biological control agent for this helminth.Item Ovicidal activity of seven Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal isolates on Ascaris suum eggs(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010-11-19) Ferreira, Sebastião R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Braga, Fabio R.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Silva, André R.; Frassy, Luiza N.; Freitas, Leandro G.The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.