Veterinária
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Fungi predatory activity on embryonated Toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae(Parasitology Research, 2015-09) Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Fonseca, Leandro Abreu da; Hiura, Emy; Lopes, Aline del Carmen Garcia; Paz, Jeanne Saraiva da; Gava, Maylla Garschagen; Flecher, Mayra Cunha; Colares, Manuela; Soares, Filippe Elias de Freitas; Lacerda, Tracy; Braga, Fabio RibeiroThe objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.Item In vitro evaluation of the action of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium sinense and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Fasciola hepatica eggs(World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008-01-06) Braga, F. R.; Araújo, J. V.; Campos, A. K.; Araújo, J. M.; Carvalho, R. O.; Silva, A. R.; Tavela, A. O.This work evaluated the in vitro action of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. After 7, 14 and 21 days, the eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: effect type 1, lytic effect with no morphological damage to eggshells; type 2, lytic effect with morphological changes in eggshells and embryos; and type 3, lytic effect with morphological changes in embryos and eggshells, with hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. Pochonia chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity on F. hepatica eggs in the studied intervals of the type-3 effect, of 12.8% (VC1) and 16.5% (VC4); 14.4% (VC1) and 18.7% (VC4), 20.1% (VC1) and 21.5 % (VC4), over 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. No statistical difference was found (P > 0.01) among the isolates VC1 and VC4 for effects type 1, 2 and 3 during the studied intervals. Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium sinense fungi only showed effect type 1, with no significant difference between them, with the following results: 60.1% (AC001) and 57.5% (SF53); 62.3% (AC001) and 62.0% (SF53); 66.5% (AC001) and 73.4% (SF53), over 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Pochonia chlamydosporia fungi negatively influenced the in vitro F. hepatica viability. Therefore it can be considered as a potential biological control agent for this helminth.Item Ovicidal effect of nematophagous fungi on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs(World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009-03) Braga, F. R.; Araújo, J. V.; Carvalho, R. O.; Silva, A. R.; Araujo, J. M.; Tavela, A. O.; Costa, P. R. S.; Campos, A. K.This work evaluated the ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungi Monacrosporium sinense (SF53), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1) on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs in laboratory conditions. T. taeniaeformis eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus and examined at seven and fourteen days post-inoculation. At the end of the experiment, P. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity (P < 0.01) on T. taeniaeformis eggs unlike the other two species, mainly for internal egg colonization with percentage results of 32.2–54.0% at 7th and 14th day, respectively. The other fungi only showed lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshell. Results demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was in vitro effective against Taenia taeniaeformis eggs unlike the other fungi. In this way, the use of P. chlamydosporia is suggested as a potential biological control agent for eggs of this cestode.Item Activity of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia, Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-12-03) Araujo, Juliana Milani; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Ferreira, Sebastião RodrigoNematophagous fungi are potential biological control agents of helminths. The in vitro ovicidal effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4), Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) was evaluated on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum, a cestode parasite of dogs, cats and humans. One thousand egg capsules of D. caninum were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. The ovicidal activity of these fungi was evaluated 5, 10 and 15 days after incubation. Only P. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity (p < 0.05) on D. caninum egg capsules, of 19.6% (VC1) and 20% (VC4) on the 5th day; 44.2% (VC1) and 31.5% (VC4) on the 10th day; and 49.2% (VC1) and 41.9% (VC4) on the 15th day. D. flagrans and M. thaumasium caused no morphological damage to egg capsules. The results demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was in vitro effective against capsules and eggs of D. caninum, and can be considered as a potential biological control agent for this helminth.Item Ovicidal activity of seven Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal isolates on Ascaris suum eggs(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010-11-19) Ferreira, Sebastião R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Braga, Fabio R.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Silva, André R.; Frassy, Luiza N.; Freitas, Leandro G.The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.Item Biological control of Ascaris suum eggs by Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus(Veterinary Research Communications, 2011-07-28) Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fábio Ribeiro; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Frassy, Luiza Neme; Ferreira, Aloízio SoaresAscaris suum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of swines. The aim of this study was to observe Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on biological control of A. suum eggs after fungus passage through swines gastrointestinal tract. Eighteen pigs, previously dewormed, were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, treated with the fungus isolate VC4; group 2, treated with the fungus isolate VC1 and group 3 did not receive fungus (control). In the treated groups, each animal received a 9 g single dose of mycelium mass containing P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4). Thereafter, animal fecal samples were collected at the following intervals: 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment beginning and these were poured in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar culture medium. Then, 1,000 A. suum eggs were poured into each dish and kept in an incubator at 26°C and in the dark for 30 days. After this period, approximately 100 eggs were removed from each Petri dish and morphologically analyzed under light microscopy following the ovicidal activity parameters. The higher percentage observed for isolated VC4 eggs destruction was 57.5% (36 h) after fungus administration and for isolate VC1 this percentage was 45.8% (24 h and 72 h) (p > 0.01). P. chlamydosporia remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of swines, maintaining its ability of destroying A. suum eggs.Item In vitro ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Trichuris vulpis eggs(Veterinary Parasitology, 2010-08-27) Silva, A.R.; Araújo, J.V.; Braga, F.R.; Alves, C.D.F.; Frassy, L.N.The in vitro effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on the eggs of Trichuris vulpis was evaluated. One thousand eggs of T. vulpis were plated on Petri dishes with 2% water–agar with the fungal isolates grown and without fungus as control. After 7, 14 and 21 days 100 eggs were removed from each plate and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshell; type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of embryo and eggshell; and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of embryo and eggshell, besides hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. P. chlamydosporia demonstrated ovicidal activity (p < 0.05) on the eggs of T. vulpis in the studied intervals presenting type 3 effect of 29.5% (VC1) and 36.5% (VC4), 59.5% (VC1) and 2.5% (VC4), 94.8% (VC1) and 2.95% (VC4) at 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The other fungi showed no type 3 effect. P. chlamydosporia should be a potential biological control agent of T. vulpis eggs.Item Comparative analysis of destruction of the infective forms of Trichuris trichiura and Haemonchus contortus by nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia; Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium by scanning electron microscopy(Veterinary Microbiology, 2011-01-10) Silva, A.R.; Araujo, J.V.; Braga, F.R.; Benjamim, L.A.; Souza, D.L.; Carvalho, R.O.The present study aimed to demonstrate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the in vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4 isolates) Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 isolate) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a isolate) on eggs of Trichuris trichiura and infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus. The work was divided into two experimental tests (A and B). In tests A and B, the predatory activity of nematophagous fungi P. chlamydosporia, D. flagrans and M. thaumasium on eggs of T. trichiura and H. contortus L3 was observed. After 6 h, in test A, isolates P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) had a role in destroying eggs of T. trichiura. For fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium the ovicidal activity on T. trichiura eggs was not observed. Test B showed that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were capable of predating H. contortus L3, but no predation by the fungus P. chlamydosporia was seen. These fungi can offer potential for the biological control of nematodes.Item Viability of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-11-24) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor; Silva, André Ricardo; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo; Carvalho, Giovanni RibeiroThe predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate VC4) embedded in sodium alginate pellets after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses was assessed in vitro against Oxyuris equi eggs. Twelve previously dewormed crossbred mares, average weight of 362.5 kg (±21) were used in the experiment. Each animal of the treated group received an oral dose (100 g) of sodium alginate pellets containing P. chlamydosporia mycelial mass. The control group received pellets without fungus. Faecal samples from fungus-treated and control groups were collected at intervals of 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after pellet administration and placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar. One thousand eggs of O. equi were plated in Petri dishes of both treated and control groups, with six replicates, and incubated in oven, 25 °C, in the dark, for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, one hundred eggs were removed from each Petri dish and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, physiological and biochemical effect without morphological damage to eggshell, with hyphae adhered to the shell; type 2, lytic effect with morphological change in the eggshell and embryo without hyphal penetration, and type 3, lytic effect with morphological change in the eggshell and embryo, with hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. Chlamydospore production was observed in Petri dishes of the treated group. The isolate VC4 remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of horses and maintained the ovicidal activity against O. equi eggs when compared with the control group (p < 0.01) after each collection interval: 29.1% (8 h), 28.2% (12 h), 31.1% (24 h), 27.4% (36 h), 30.9% (48 h) and 28.4% (72 h). The results suggest that P. chlamydosporia could be used as an effective biological control agent of O. equi eggs in natural conditions.Item Predatory activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on Toxocara (syn. Neoascaris) vitulorum eggs(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2009-08-22) Braga, Fabio R.; Ferreira, Sebastião R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Silva, André R.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Campos, Artur K.; Freitas, Leandro G.Toxocara (Neoascaris) vitulorum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of young ruminants, responsible for high mortality rates in parasitized cattle and buffalo calves. The objective of this work was to compare the predatory capacity under laboratory conditions of four fungal isolates of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) on T. vitulorum eggs in 2% water-agar (2% WA). T. vitulorum eggs were plated on 2% WA Petri dishes which contained cultured fungal isolates and control plates without fungi. After 10 and 15 days one hundred eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo in addition to hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The fungal isolates were effective in the destruction of T. vitulorum eggs presenting the type 3 effect at 10 and 15 days after contact with the fungus. No nematophagous fungi were observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity of the fungal isolates (P > 0.01) at the intervals of 10 and 15 days. These results indicate that P. chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) negatively influenced the development of T. vitulorum eggs and can be considered a potential candidate for the biological control of nematodes.