Instituto de Ciências Agrárias - CAF
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11784
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Hydrological simulation using SWAT model in headwater basin in Southeast Brazil(Engenharia Agrícola, 2014-07) Pereira, Donizete dos R.; Martinez, Mauro A.; Pruski, Fernando F.; Silva, Demetrius D. da; Zonta, João H.; Almeida, André Q. deHydrological models are important tools that have been used in water resource planning and management. Thus, the aim of this work was to calibrate and validate in a daily time scale, the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to the watershed of the Galo creek , located in Espírito Santo State. To conduct the study we used georeferenced maps of relief, soil type and use, in addition to historical daily time series of basin climate and flow. In modeling were used time series corresponding to the periods Jan 1, 1995 to Dec 31, 2000 and Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 20, 2003 for calibration and validation, respectively. Model performance evaluation was done using the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (ENS) and the percentage of bias (PBIAS). SWAT evaluation was also done in the simulation of the following hydrological variables: maximum and minimum annual daily flowsand minimum reference flows, Q90 and Q95, based on mean absolute error. ENS and PBIAS were, respectively, 0.65 and 7.2% and 0.70 and 14.1%, for calibration and validation, indicating a satisfactory performance for the model. SWAT adequately simulated minimum annual daily flow and the reference flows, Q90 and Q95; it was not suitable in the simulation of maximum annual daily flows.Item Modelling the spatial dependence of the rainfall erosivity index in the Brazilian semiarid region(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2017-06) Pereira, Donizete dos Reis; Almeida, André Quintão de; Souza, Rodolfo Marcondes Silva; Loureiro, Diego Campana; Cruz, Marcus Aurélio Soares; Vieira, Jodnes SobreiraThe objective of this work was to model the spatial dependence and to map the rainfall erosivity index (EI30) in the semiarid region of Brazil. Registers of monthly erosivity from 210 rainfall stations were used, with daily time series equal to or greater than 15 years. Based on the values of the EI30, a spatial dependence model was made by adjusting the semivariogram. From the semivariogram models, erosivity isoline maps were generated with a kriging interpolator. According to the historical data series, the maximum monthly average value of the EI30 was observed in March, and the annual value ranged from 1,439 to 5,864 MJ mm ha-1 per year, classified as low and moderate, respectively. The highest EI30 values were obtained in the northern and southern extremes of the semiarid region. Average spatial dependence was observed for rainfall erosivity, in most months, especially with the spherical semivariogram model. The range of erosivity varied from 62 to 1,508 km for the monthly EI30 and was of approximately 1,046 km for the annual one. The applied model, with the validation of the semivariograms using the jackknife test, allows the spatialization of the EI30 for the semiarid region of Brazil.Item Groundwater recharge estimate at Alto Rio Grande – MG watershed(Engenharia Agrícola, 2012-11) Pereira, Donizete dos R.; Silva, Lucas A. da; Silva, Antônio M. da; Coelho, Gilberto; Mello, Carlos R. deSprings are outcrops of aquifers surface, and the water cycle in this environment pass through the recharge, generally defined as the amount of water added to the aquifer, which may occur locally from rainwater infiltration. This study uses the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method to estimate the direct recharge and a groundwater balance to estimate the deep recharge on unconfined aquifers. The WTF method employs data of the aquifer water levels and its specific yield to estimate the direct recharge. The groundwater balance considers the direct recharge estimated by the WTF method, as the water input in the system and outputs as the base flow and deep recharge. The recharge was estimated at four areas at the watershed of Alto Rio Grande city, Minas Gerais (MG) state, in Brazil. The direct recharge estimate was 121.11; 64.62; 83.99; 152.46 (mm/year) for the L1, L2, M1 and M2 areas. The effect of the presence of forest in the recharge area can prevail over slope of relief, allowing more direct recharge, even in sources with steeper relief. The runoff from the springs in the study period exceeded the direct recharge, indicating a situation in which the saturated zone feeds the vadose zone. The annual flow was above the direct recharge pointing a situation of over exploitation of the aquifer, a non sustainable situation. The specific yield of the aquifers could also have been underestimated.Item Impact of Bt sweet corn on lepidopteran pests in Midwestern Brazil(Scientia Agricola, 2019-05) Gontijo, Lessando Moreira; Schneider, Altair Marcos; Costa, Lilian LuciaWhile the cultivation of conventional Bt corn has been widely adopted in Brazil, the production of Bt sweet corn is still incipient. The main lepidopteran pests found attacking conventional and sweet corn in Brazil are Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Additionally, a new harmful Lepidoptera species has recently appeared in Brazil, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Since Bt sweet corn in Brazil is as yet cultivated on a limited scale there is no scientific information available about the performance of Bt sweet corn against lepidopterans out in the field. Thus, we conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of Bt sweet corn (event MON89034), alone and in conjunction with insecticides, against major lepidopteran pests found in midwestern Brazil (in the state of Goias). Both experiments followed a completely randomized block design (2 × 2 factorial) with two levels of sweet corn (Bt or conventional) crossed with two levels of insecticide (insecticide or no insecticide). The experimental treatments were replicated six times in each experiment. The results showed a slower advancing of defoliation caused by S. frugiperda in treatments with Bt corn. Likewise, less severe injury was observed on the corn ears (especially on the kernels) of Bt plants. The number of larvae (S. frugiperda and Helicoverpa spp.) sampled was also lower in the treatments with Bt corn. Overall, the application of insecticide did not increase the protection of Bt sweet corn and there was no significant difference in corn ear size and weight, nor in kernel yield, when comparing Bt and insecticide-sprayed plants.Item Respostas ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros submetidos ao deficit hídrico para concentração da florada no Cerrado de Minas Gerais(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2015-01) Ronchi, Cláudio Pagotto; Almeida, Wellington Luiz de; Oliveira, Leandro Barbosa de; Drumond, Luis Cesar Dias; Araújo, Fernando Couto de; Silva, Max Afonso Alves da; Magalhães, Carlos Eduardo de OliveiraO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de imposição do deficit hídrico sobre a concentração da florada do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), bem como sobre as trocas gasosas, a produtividade, a maturação e a qualidade dos grãos. As cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9 foram avaliadas conforme os seguintes tratamentos: não irrigado (NI), irrigado continuamente (IC), e suspensão da irrigação em 1/7/2010 (D1) e em 1/8/2010 (D2), com retorno desta em 24/9/2010. Cerca de três dias após a retomada da irrigação, registrou-se a ocorrência de uma "chuva de florada", com precipitação de 69 mm. O potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Ψam) nas cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9, em 22/9, foi de -0,59 e -0,82 MPa, -0,53 e -0,79 MPa, e -0,34 e -0,49 MPa, para os tratamentos NI, D1 e D2, respectivamente. O percentual máximo de botões florais no estádio E4, imediatamente antes da ocorrência da chuva, não foi afetado pelos níveis de deficit impostos durante o inverno, independentemente das cultivares. Os níveis moderados de deficit hídrico impostos pelos tratamentos (Ψam ~ -0,80 MPa) produziram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as trocas gasosas, a taxa de florescimento ou a uniformidade de maturação - percentagem de cerejas de 66% -, e a produtividade e a classificação dos grãos, de ambas as cultivares. O efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o status hídrico dos botões florais não se sobrepõe ao efeito da chuva de florada, que foi determinante para sua abertura.Item Morfologia radicular de cultivares de café arábica submetidas a diferentes arranjos espaciais(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2015-03) Ronchi, Cláudio Pagotto; Sousa Júnior, José Márcio de; Ameida, Wellington Luiz de; Souza, Daniela Silva; Silva, Natália Oliveira; Oliveira, Leandro Barbosa de; Guerra, Antonia Miriam Nogueira de Moura; Ferreira, Paulo AfonsoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas morfológicas do sistema radicular de quatro cultivares de café arábica submetidas a diferentes arranjos espaciais. Os espaçamentos adotados foram os de 0,40, 0,50, 0,60, 0,70 e 0,80 m entre plantas na linha, tendo-se mantido fixo 3,8 m na entrelinha. Aos 27, 35 e 39 meses após o transplantio, foram coletadas amostras de solo+raízes em três posições em relação aos caules das plantas e três profundidades. As raízes foram lavadas, coloridas, digitalizadas e processadas com o programa Safira. A cultivar Tupi RN IAC 1669-13 apresentou sistema radicular com características morfológicas relacionadas à absorção de nutrientes e de água superiores às das cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 e Catuaí Amarelo IAC 32, para todos os arranjos espaciais testados. A redução no espaçamento aumenta a abundância de raízes por volume de solo, sem alterar a qualidade morfológica do sistema radicular, nem aprofundá-lo. Os sistemas radiculares das cultivares avaliadas são mais abundantes e apresentam superfície e comprimento específico maiores entre plantas adjacentes, seguidas das posições afastadas a 0,25 e 0,50 m do caule. A proporção de raízes na camada de 0,1 m de profundidade é maior que a na de 0,4 m, para todos os espaçamentos. A variação no espaçamento entre plantas na linha altera a morfologia do sistema radicular do café arábica.Item Water basin delimitation in a relief transition region(Floresta e Ambiente, 2019) Ficher, Kevin; Pereira, Donizete; Almeida, André; Oliveira, JosianeThe objective of this work was to evaluate the performance accuracy of digital elevation models in delimiting a water basin located in the relief transition region between the São Francisco Plateau, São Franciscana Depression and the Espinhaço mountain range. Four digital elevation models with data from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and map topography were generated using the Topo To Raster interpolator with and without support from hydrography maps (IBGE), and another with the original SRTM data. For each digital elevation model, its accuracy was evaluated for representing: the drainage, the hydrography and basin mouth in comparison to the references obtained from IBGE maps. The models generated with SRTM and topographic data supported by hydrography maps showed good performance, with small delimitation errors in the water basin. Those generated without support from hydrography maps showed gross errors due to non-representation of the hydrography in the São Franciscana Depression region.Item Acclimation responses of macaw palm seedlings to contrasting light environments(Scientific Reports, 2018) Dias, Adriel N.; Siqueira-Silva, Advanio I.; Souza, João P.; Kuki, Kacilda N.; Pereira, Eduardo G.The photosynthetic adjustments of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) were evaluated in 30-day- old seedlings exposed to high and low light environments, and sudden transference from low to high light and comparisons were made with the hardening protocol used in nurseries. Furthermore, we evaluated the responses to long-term exposure (265 days) to high and low light environments. Macaw palm seedlings exhibited an efficient mechanism that maximized light capture under scarce conditions, and dissipated excess energy to avoid damaging to the photosystem II under high light. The seedlings showed low saturation irradiance but no photoinhibition when exposed to excess light. When grown under low light intensities, seedlings presented higher photochemical efficiency and minimized the respiratory costs with positive carbon balance at lower irradiance than hardened seedlings did. The hardening procedure did not appear to be an advantageous method during seedling production. Long-term exposure to either low or high light did not cause significant leaf anatomical adjustments. However, the low light seedlings showed higher leaf area and chlorophyll content than those exposed to higher light intensity did, which enabled shaded seedlings to maximize the captured light. Furthermore, the high non-photochemical dissipation allowed rapid acclimation to excessive light exposure. These responses allow macaw palm cultivation and establishment in very different light environments.Item Análise multivariada da resistência do solo à penetração sob plantio direto(Ciência Rural, 2006-07) Newes, Walter Luiz de Castro; Gomide, Reinaldo Lúcio; Mantovani, Evandro Chartuni; Sverzut, Claudio Bianor; Borghi, Elaine; Weirich Neto, Pedro HenriqueCom vistas ao aumento da produção, optou-se, no Brasil, pelo acréscimo de área cultivada e pelo intenso uso da motomecanização, o que acarretou prejuízos aos solos agrícolas. Paralelamente, práticas conservacionistas têm sido adotadas, a exemplo do sistema plantio direto. Em ambos os casos, estudos do estado de compactação do solo se fazem necessários. Prática e controversa, a penetrometria é a metodologia mais utilizada para o dimensionamento desse parâmetro. Assim, realizou-se trabalho em um Latossolo Vermelho sob plantio direto visando a identificar a estratificação vertical da resistência do solo à penetração. Foram amostrados 40 pontos, em malha de 50mx50m. Em cada ponto, analisou-se o comportamento do solo em três posições: na linha de semeadura, entre as linhas de semeadura e entre as linhas de semeadura com tráfego de trator agrícola. Os dados foram obtidos com penetrômetro hidráulico-eletrônico. Para identificação das camadas de solo com resistência à penetração semelhante, utilizou-se técnica de análise multivariada, denominada análise fatorial, com rotação ortogonal. Entre as linhas de semeadura, identificaram-se quatro camadas, sendo que as mais superficiais se mostraram com variância relativa maior. Nas entrelinhas com tráfego de trator e nas linhas de semeadura, locais de ação antrópica, identificaram-se três camadas, sendo as mais profundas as de variância relativa mais elevada.Item Sexual castes of Trachymyrmex fuscus (Formicidae: Attini) performing worker tasks(Ciência Rural, 2016-02) Oliveira, Marco Antônio; Araújo, Márcio da Silva; Oliveira, João Paulo Ribeiro; Souza, Danival José de; Jesus, Flávio Gonçalves deThe main of this research was to report an atypical foraging behavior in a colony of Trachymyrmex fuscus, situated in "Cerrado" (savanna ecoregion of Goiás, Brazil). The colony foraging activity was performed only by sexual caste. Comparison of the foraging rhythm of this colony with another of the same specie where foraging was performed only by worker caste, showed that working time hours were very similar. After observations on the foraging behavior, both colonies were excavated in order to characterize them (nest size, population composition and estimating of the symbiotic fungus volume). Besides the foraging activity performed only by sexual females, other important observations were highlighted in that colony: low number of workers, presence of worker larvae and pupae (45 and 43 respectively) and apparently normal growth of the symbiotic fungus. Our hypothesis is that sexual females were in charge of the entire colony maintenance. This could be a strategy of colony survival when the worker caste is reduced.