Biologia Geral
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11835
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Genetic analysis of Melipona quadrifasciata Lep. (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponinae) with rapd markers(Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2002-11) Waldschmid, A. M.; Marco-Junior, P.; Barros, E. G.; Campos, L. A. O.Melipona quadrifasciata ("mandaçaia") can be subdivided into two subspecies: M. q. anthidioides and M. q. quadrifasciata. In the present study we used RAPD markers to estimate intercolonial genetic variation among 69 colonies of Melipona quadrifasciata. Ten workers per colony were analyzed. The intercolony genetic distances based on RAPD markers ranged from 29.5% (colonies collected in the State of São Paulo vs colonies from the State of Minas Gerais) to 34.2% (São Paulo vs Santa Catarina). These results indicate a high genetic similarity among the colonies analyzed.According to the genetic distances two different groups could be distinguished. The first containing the samples from Santa Catarina region and the second, samples from Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo. Based on the molecular analysis, bees belonging to the different subspecies M. q. quadrifasciata (from Santa Catarina) and M. q. anthidioides (from the other regions) were distinguished.Item Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry of the anterior midgut region of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)(Micron, 2018-10) Carneiro, Lenise Silva; Gonçalves, Wagner Gonzaga; Fernandes, Kenner Morais; Zanuncio, José Cola; Serrão, José Eduardo; Teixeira, Stéphanie Asséf Millen ValenteThe anterior midgut region of stingless bees is anatomically differentiated with tall and narrow cells, whereas in other social and solitary bees this anatomical gut region is lacking. The objective of the present study was to describe the histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry of the anterior midgut region of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata in comparison with the honey bee Apis mellifera. The anterior midgut region of both species was evaluated for identification of the enzymes β- galactosidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, the membrane transporter aquaporin, the hormone FMRF-amide, and lysosomes. Histology of the anterior midgut region showed that this region in M. quadrifasciata workers did not present external folds of the wall, whereas the following midgut wall presented many. In A. mellifera, folds in the midgut wall occur starting from the fore- midgut transition region. Despite these morphological differences, the tests evaluated were similar in both species. β-galactosidase was not found in the anterior midgut cells. Glucose-6-phosphatase and acid phosphatase occurred in the apical region of the gut epithelium. Alkaline phosphatase occurred in vesicles in apical cytoplasm and in the basal plasma membrane infoldings of the epithelial cells. Aquaporin was found in the basal region of the midgut epithelium and in the associated visceral muscles. FMRF-amide was found only in nerve endings in the anterior midgut region. All cells in the anterior midgut region were rich in lysosomes. These results suggest that in both bee species, although they have anatomically different anterior midgut regions, these regions present high metabolic activity and function in cellular homeostasis, lipid absorption and are under neurohormone control.Item Notes On the Structure of Silk Glands in Sphecid Wasps, Microstigmus and Psenulus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae)(Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 2000) José, Eduardo Serrã; Campos, Lúcio Antonio de OliveiraThe silk glands of adult sphecid wasps, Microstigmus and Psenulus were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy to describe their structure. Silk glands in both genera were classi ed as epidermal glands of the type 3, that is they are formed by one ultinuclear terminal cell. From the terminal cell, one conducting canal runs along the body cuticle. The canals open to the exterior by means of spinnerets. These cuticular structures have different positions and forms in Microstigmus and Psenulus. The similarities in the structure of silk glands and the differences in spinnerets between these two genera con rm previous reports that silk glands evolved independently in Sphecid wasps.Item Sperm bundles in the seminal vesicle of the crematogaster victima (Smith) adult males (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)(Neotropical Entomology, 2014-06) Oliveira, C. M.; Lino-Neto, J.; Moreira, J.; Gomes, L. F.; Camargo-Mathias, M. I.This study establishes the presence of spermatodesm in the seminal vesicles of sexually mature males of Crematogaster victima (Smith). In this species, the spermatozoa are maintained together by an extracellular matrix in which the acrosomal regions are embedded. This characteristic has not yet been observed in any other Aculeata. However, the sperm morphology in this species is similar to that described for other ants. The spermatozoa measure on average 100 μm in length, and the number of sperm per bundle is up to 256. They are composed of a head formed by the acrosome and nucleus; this is followed by the flagellum, which is formed by the centriolar adjunct, an axoneme with a 9 + 9 + 2 microtubule pattern, two mitochondrial derivatives, and two accessory bodies. The acrosome is formed by the acrosomal vesicle and perforatorium. The nucleus is filled with compact chromatin with many areas of thick and non-compacted filaments. Both mitochondrial derivatives have the same shape and diameters. The presence of sperm bundles in sexually mature males differentiates C. victima from other ants; however, the similarities in the sperm ultrastructure support the monophyly of this insect group.Item Proteome of the head and thorax salivary glands in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides(Apidologie, 2013-11) Fialho, Maria do Carmo Q.; Vitorino, Rui; Oliveira, Leandro L.; Zanuncio, José C.; Serrão, José Eduardo; Elias-Santos, DouglasThe exocrine glands of social insects are related to the social communication, reproduction, and development of individuals. Eusocial bees have two types of salivary glands: the head salivary gland, which possibly functions in marking food sources, and the thorax salivary gland, which produces saliva. This study evaluated the major protein content of the head and thorax salivary glands of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides forager workers. The head salivary gland expresses 27 proteins in high quantity, including heat shock proteins, enzymes of the glycolysis pathway, gene regulation proteins, and an odorant-binding protein. The thorax salivary gland expresses 12 proteins, including heat shock proteins, cellular detoxification proteins, energy metabolism proteins, and proteins linked to environmental stress. The proteins identified in both the head and thorax salivary glands contribute to our understanding of their possible functions in stingless bees.Item Vitellogenin transcytosis in follicular cells of the honeybee Apis mellifera and the wasp Polistes simillimus(Protoplasma, 2018-11) Dohanik, Virgínia Teles; Gonçalves, Wagner Gonzaga; Oliveira, Leandro Licursi; Zanuncio, José Cola; Serrão, José EduardoVitellogenin receptor (VgR) is a low-density lipoprotein receptor responsible for the mediated endocytosis of vitellogenin (Vg) during egg formation in insects. The maturing oocyte is enveloped by a follicular epithelium, which has large intercellular spaces during Vg accumulation (patency). However, Vg has been reported in the cytoplasm of follicular cells, indicating that there may be a transcellular route for its transport. This study verified the presence of VgR in the follicular cells of the ovaries of the honeybee Apis mellifera and the wasp Polistes simillimus in order to evaluate if Vg is transported via transcytosis in these insects. Antibodies specific for vitellogenin receptor (anti-VgR), vitellogenin (anti-Vg), and clathrin (anti-Clt) were used for immunolocalization. The results showed the presence of VgR on the apical and basal plasma membranes of follicular cells of the vitellogenic follicles in both species, indicating that VgR may have been transported from the basal to the apical cell domain, followed by its release into the perivitelline space, evidenced by the presence of apical plasma membrane projections containing VgR. Co-localization proved that Vg bind to VgR and that the transport of this protein is mediated by clathrin. These data suggest that, in these social insects, Vg is transported via clathrin-mediated VgR transcytosis in follicular cells.Item Investigation of Partamona helleri (Apidae, Meliponini) B chromosome origin. An approach by microdissection and whole chromosome painting(Apidologie, 2013-01) Campos, Lucio Antônio Oliveira; Martins, Cinthia Caroline Cardoso; Diniz, Debora; Sobrinho-Scudeler, Patricia E.; Foresti, Fausto; Costa, Marco AntônioThe stingless bee Partamona helleri in southeast Brazil shows the regular chromosome number 2n = 34 and a variable number of up to four minute B1 or B2 chromosomes. Previous cytogenetic analyses have indicated morphological similarities between the B1 chromosome and chromosome segments in the regular karyotype. In this study, microdissection and chromosome painting were employed along with C banding, NOR banding, and base-specific fluorochrome staining to investigate the origin of the B1 chromosome in P. helleri. B1-generated probe hybridized exclusively to B1 chromosomes. This result suggests an independent origin from the regular karyotype or, alternatively, that the B chromosome may have suffered substantial genetic alterations along its independent evolution. The absence of higher dosages of these small B chromosomes in this population of P. helleri may be related to the existence of either a genetic or cytogenetic constraint in the establishment of such high numbered karyotypes.Item The first cytogenetic data on Strumigenys louisianae Roger, 1863 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Dacetini): the lowest chromosome number in the hymenoptera of the neotropical region(Plos One, 2014-11) Barros, Luı́sa Antônia Campos; Chaul, Júlio Cézar Mário; Pompolo, Silvia das Graças; Alves-Silva, Ana PaulaIn the present study, the first cytogenetic data was obtained for the ant species Strumigenys louisianae, from a genus possessing no previous cytogenetic data for the Neotropical region. The chromosome number observed was 2n = 4, all possessing metacentric morphology. Blocks rich in GC base pairs were observed in the interstitial region of the short arm of the largest chromosome pair, which may indicate that this region corresponds to the NORs. The referred species presented the lowest chromosome number observed for the subfamily Myrmicinae and for the Hymenoptera found in the Neotropical region. Observation of a low chromosome number karyotype has been described in Myrmecia croslandi, in which the occurrence of tandem fusions accounts for the most probable rearrangement for its formation. The accumulation of cytogenetic data may carry crucial information to ensure deeper understanding of the systematics of the tribe Dacetini.Item Ultrastructural characteristics of the spermatozoa of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) with phylogenetic considerations(Zoologica Scripta, 2001-04) Lino‐Neto, José; Dolder, HeidiThe Scelionidae sperm are distinguished from those of all hymenopterans already studied at least by the presence of a single mitochondrial derivative and the absence of a centriolar adjunct. The absence of an acrosome, in Telenomus podisi, is also unique. The helical nucleus and mitochondrial derivative spiralling around a twisted axoneme can be considered as synapomorphies shared with the Chalcidoidea, and the mitochondrial derivative running together with the nucleus for a long distance can be considered as a synapomorphy shared with the Diapriidae. Therefore, from a consideration of these features, it is possible to suppose that the Scelionidae, Chalcidoidea and Diapriidae are more closely related between themselves than are any of them to the Cynipoidea, since the latter does not share any of the above‐mentioned features. This supposition agrees with phylogenetic analyses that supported the inclusion of Platygastroidea (Scelionidae and Platygastridae) and Chalcidoidea within the Proctotrupomorpha lineage, as well as the close relationship of these to the Diapriidae, and the exclusion of the Cynipoidea from this lineage.Item Sperm structure and ultrastructure of the Melittobia hawaiiensis, Perkins and M. australica, Girault (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)(Tissue and Cell, 2009-04) Lino-Neto, José; Brito, Pedro; Dolder, HeidiSpermatozoa morphology has, for some years, been used to help answer some phylogenetic questions for Hymenoptera. This is the second study describing spermatozoa morphology of an Eulophidae species in which important characteristics were observed. Melittobia spermatozoa are spiralled and measure approximately 270 μm in length. The head contains a small acrosome, apparently formed only by an acrosomal vesicle, which, together with the initial nuclear region, is surrounded by an extracellular sheath, from which innumerable filaments irradiate. The nucleus is helicoidal and completely filled with compact chromatin. A centriolar adjunct is observed at the nucleus–flagellum transition; it associates laterally with the nucleus and exhibits two small expansions, which reach around the centriole. In the flagellum there are two mitochondrial derivatives, which in cross-sections are asymmetric. In the derivative with the larger diameter, two distinct regions are observed, a small one, near the axoneme, with a clear “fissure” inside, and a larger region where the cristae occur. Both derivatives initiate at the nuclear base, but the larger diameter derivative finishes first, before the flagellum extremity. At the end of the axoneme, the accessory microtubules are the first to finish.