Biologia Vegetal
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11836
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52 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item An L,L- diaminopimelate aminotransferase mutation leads to metabolic shifts and growth inhibition in Arabidopsis(Journal of Experimental Botany, 2018-12-01) Cavalcanti, João Henrique F.; Kirma, Menny; Barros, Jessica A. S.; Quinhones, Carla G.S.; Pereira- Lima, Ítalo A.; Obata, Toshihiro; Nunes- Nesi, Adriano; Galili, Gad; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Avin- Wittenberg, Tamar; Araújo, Wagner L.Lysine (Lys) connects the mitochondrial electron transport chain to amino acid catabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, our understanding of how a deficiency in Lys biosynthesis impacts plant metabolism and growth remains limited. Here, we used a previously characterized Arabidopsis mutant (dapat) with reduced activity of the Lys biosynthesis enzyme L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase to investigate the physiological and metabolic impacts of impaired Lys biosynthesis. Despite displaying similar stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration, we observed reduced photosynthesis and growth in the dapat mutant. Surprisingly, whilst we did not find differences in dark respiration between genotypes, a lower storage and consumption of starch and sugars was observed in dapat plants. We found higher protein turnover but no differences in total amino acids during a diurnal cycle in dapat plants. Transcriptional and two-dimensional (isoelectric focalization/SDS-PAGE) proteome analyses revealed alterations in the abundance of several transcripts and proteins associated with photosynthesis and photorespiration coupled with a high glycine/serine ratio and increased levels of stress-responsive amino acids. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that biochemical alterations rather than stomatal limitations are responsible for the decreased photosynthesis and growth of the dapat mutant, which we hypothesize mimics stress conditions associated with impairments in the Lys biosynthesis pathway.Item The mitochondrial thioredoxin system contributes to the metabolic responses under drought episodes in Arabidopsis(Plant and Cell Physiology, 2019-01) Fonseca-Pereira, Paula da; Daloso, Danilo M.; Gago, Jorge; Silva, Franklin Magnum de Oliveira; Condori-Apfata, Jorge A.; Florez-Sarasa, Igor; Tohge, Takayuki; Reichheld, Jean-Philippe; Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Araujo, Wagner L.Thioredoxins (Trxs) modulate metabolic responses during stress conditions; however, the mechanisms governing the responses of plants subjected to multiple drought events and the role of Trxs under these conditions are not well understood. Here we explored the significance of the mitochondrial Trx system in Arabidopsis following exposure to single and repeated drought events. We analyzed the previously characterized NADPH-dependent Trx reductase A and B double mutant (ntra ntrb) and two independent mitochondrial thioredoxin o1 (trxo1) mutant lines. Following similar reductions in relative water content (∼50%), Trx mutants subjected to two drought cycles displayed a significantly higher maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and were less sensitive to drought than their wild-type counterparts and than all genotypes subjected to a single drought event. Trx mutant plants displayed a faster recovery after two cycles of drought, as observed by the higher accumulation of secondary metabolites and higher stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that plants exposed to multiple drought cycles are able to modulate their subsequent metabolic and physiological response, suggesting the occurrence of an exquisite acclimation in stressed Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, this differential acclimation involves the participation of a set of metabolic changes as well as redox poise alteration following stress recovery.Item Sucrose breakdown within guard cells provides substrates for glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light- induced stomatal opening(The Plant Journal, 2018-05) Medeiros, David B.; Souza, Leonardo Perez; Antunes, Werner C.; Araújo, Wagner L.; Daloso, Danilo M.; Fernie, Alisdair R.Sucrose has long been thought to play an osmolytic role in stomatal opening. However, recent evidence supports the idea that the role of sucrose in this process is primarily energetic. Here we used a combination of stomatal aperture assays and kinetic [U- 13 C]-sucrose isotope labelling experiments to confirm that sucrose is degraded during light-induced stomatal opening and to define the fate of the C released from sucrose breakdown. We additionally show that addition of sucrose to the medium did not enhance light- induced stomatal opening. The isotope experiment showed a consistent 13 C enrichment in fructose and glu- cose, indicating that during light-induced stomatal opening sucrose is indeed degraded. We also observed a clear 13 C enrichment in glutamate and glutamine (Gln), suggesting a concerted activation of sucrose degra- dation, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This is in contrast to the situation for Gln biosynthesis in leaves under light, which has been demonstrated to rely on previously stored C. Our results thus collectively allow us to redraw current models concerning the influence of sucrose during light-induced stomatal open- ing, in which, instead of being accumulated, sucrose is degraded providing C skeletons for Gln biosynthesis.Item Modulation of auxin signalling through DIAGETROPICA and ENTIRE differentially affects tomato plant growth via changes in photosynthetic and mitochondrial metabolism(Plant, Cell & Environment, 2019-02) Batista‐ Silva, Willian; Medeiros, David B.; Rodrigues‐ Salvador, Acácio; Daloso, Danilo M.; Omena‐ Garcia, Rebeca P.; Oliveira, Franciele Santos; Pino, Lilian Ellen; Peres, Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira; Nunes‐ Nesi, Adriano; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Zsögön, Agustín; Araújo, Wagner L.Auxin modulates a range of plant developmental processes including embryogenesis, organogenesis, and shoot and root development. Recent studies have shown that plant hormones also strongly influence metabolic networks, which results in altered growth phenotypes. Modulating auxin signalling pathways may therefore provide an opportunity to alter crop performance. Here, we performed a detailed physiological and metabolic characterization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants with either increased (entire) or reduced (diageotropica—dgt) auxin signalling to investigate the consequences of altered auxin signalling on photosynthesis, water use, and primary metabolism. We show that reduced auxin sensitivity in dgt led to anatomical and physiological modifications, including altered stomatal distribution along the leaf blade and reduced stomatal conductance, resulting in clear reductions in both photosynthesis and water loss in detached leaves. By contrast, plants with higher auxin sensitivity (entire) increased the photosynthetic capacity, as deduced by higher Vcmax and Jmax coupled with reduced stomatal limitation. Remarkably, our results demonstrate that auxin‐sensitive mutants (dgt) are characterized by impairments in the usage of starch that led to lower growth, most likely associated with decreased respiration. Collectively, our findings suggest that mutations in different components of the auxin signalling pathway specifically modulate photosynthetic and respiratory processes.Item Insights into ABA-mediated regulation of guard cell primary metabolism revealed by systems biology approaches(Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 2018) Medeiros, David B.; Araújo, Wagner L.; Yoshida, Takuya; Anjos, Letícia dos; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Daloso, Danilo M.Despite the fact that guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway is well documented, our understanding concerning how and to which extent ABA regulates guard cell metabolism remains fragmentary. Here we have adopted different systems approaches to investigate how ABA modulates guard cell central metabolism by providing genes that are possibly ABA-regulated. By using previous published Arabidopsis guard cell transcript profiling data, we carried out an extensive co-expression network analysis using ABA-related genes and those related to the metabolism and transport of sugars, starch and organic acids. Next, we investigated the presence of ABA responsive elements (ABRE) in the promoter of genes that are highly expressed in guard cells, responsive to ABA and co-expressed with ABA-related genes. Together, these analyses indicated that 44 genes are likely regulated by ABA and 8 of them are highly expressed in guard cells in both the presence and absence of ABA, including genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and those related to sucrose and hexose transport and metabolism. It seems likely that ABA may modulate both sucrose transport through guard cell plasma membrane and sucrose metabolism within guard cells. In this context, genes associated with sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate, invertase, UDP-glucose epimerase/pyrophosphorylase and different sugar transporters contain ABRE in their promoter and are thus possibly ABA regulated. Although validation experiments are required, our study highlights the importance of systems biology approaches to drive new hypothesis and to unravel genes and pathways that are regulated by ABA in guard cells.Item Identification and characterization of metabolite quantitative trait loci in tomato leaves and comparison with those reported for fruits and seeds(Metabolomics, 2019-04) Nunes‐Nesi, Adriano; Alseekh, Saleh; Silva, Franklin Magnum de Oliveira; Omranian, Nooshin; Lichtenstein, Gabriel; Mirnezhad, Mohammad; González, Roman R. Romero; Garcia, Julia Sabio y; Conte, Mariana; Leiss, Kirsten A.; Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.; Nikoloski, Zoran; Carrari, Fernando; Fernie, Alisdair R.To date, most studies of natural variation and metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL) in tomato have focused on fruit metabolism, leaving aside the identification of genomic regions involved in the regulation of leaf metabolism.This study was conducted to identify leaf mQTL in tomato and to assess the association of leaf metabolites and physiological traits with the metabolite levels from other tissues.The analysis of components of leaf metabolism was performed by phenotypying 76 tomato ILs with chromosome segments of the wild species Solanum pennellii in the genetic background of a cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum) variety M82. The plants were cultivated in two different environments in independent years and samples were harvested from mature leaves of non-flowering plants at the middle of the light period. The non-targeted metabolite profiling was obtained by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). With the data set obtained in this study and already published metabolomics data from seed and fruit, we performed QTL mapping, heritability and correlation analyses.Changes in metabolite contents were evident in the ILs that are potentially important with respect to stress responses and plant physiology. By analyzing the obtained data, we identified 42 positive and 76 negative mQTL involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism.Overall, these findings allowed the identification of S. lycopersicum genome regions involved in the regulation of leaf primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as the association of leaf metabolites with metabolites from seeds and fruits.Item Downregulation of the δ-subunit reduces mitochondrial ATP synthase levels, alters respiration, and restricts growth and gametophyte development in Arabidopsis(The Plant Cell, 2012-07) Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Geisler, Daniela A.; Päpke, Carola; Obata, Toshihiro; Matthes, Annemarie; Schneitz, Kay; Maximova, Eugenia; Araújo, Wagner L.; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Persson, StaffanThe mitochondrial ATP synthase (F1Fo complex) is an evolutionary conserved multimeric protein complex that synthesizes the main bulk of cytosolic ATP, but the regulatory mechanisms of the subunits are only poorly understood in plants. In yeast, the δ-subunit links the membrane-embedded Fo part to the matrix-facing central stalk of F1. We used genetic interference and an inhibitor to investigate the molecular function and physiological impact of the δ-subunit in Arabidopsis thaliana. Delta mutants displayed both male and female gametophyte defects. RNA interference of delta resulted in growth retardation, reduced ATP synthase amounts, and increased alternative oxidase capacity and led to specific long-term increases in Ala and Gly levels. By contrast, inhibition of the complex using oligomycin triggered broad metabolic changes, affecting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and led to a successive induction of transcripts for alternative respiratory pathways and for redox and biotic stress-related transcription factors. We conclude that (1) the δ-subunit is essential for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis, (2) a disturbance of the ATP synthase appears to lead to an early transition phase and a long-term metabolic steady state, and (3) the observed long-term adjustments in mitochondrial metabolism are linked to reduced growth and deficiencies in gametophyte development.Item Differential root and shoot responses in the metabolism of tomato plants exhibiting reduced levels of gibberellin(Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2019-01) Martins, Auxiliadora O.; Omena-Garcia, Rebeca P.; Oliveira, Franciele S.; Silva, Welder A.; Hajirezaei, Mohammad-Reza; Vallarino, José G.; Ribeiro, Dimas Mendes; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Araújo, Wagner L.The ability to adapt to the environment is crucial for plant survival and thus a refined communication system capable of integrating endogenous and exogenous signals and further relaying this information to different parts of the plant is a key component of such adaptability. Given that they grow in highly distinct environments it is arguably unsurprising that roots and shoots display different responses to a given environmental condition. Accordingly, a higher sensitivity of roots to gibberellins (GAs) allows rapid adjustments in growth and development possibly triggering (a) stress tolerance mechanism(s). Here we investigated the differential metabolic responses between root and shoot following reductions of the endogenous GA content using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants deficient in GA biosynthesis (gib3, moderately deficient, gib2, intermediate deficiency and gib1, extremely deficient in GAs). GA depletion impedes shoot growth to a greater extent than root growth in all mutants. Moreover, the greater the reduction in GA content the greater the extent of a disturbance at the metabolic level. Low leaf carbohydrate contents were observed in plants displaying higher root growth, suggesting an enhanced flow of photoassimilate to support root growth. Large increases in amino acids contents of either roots or shoot were observed. The increased amino acid content was coupled to reduced levels of TCA cycle intermediates suggesting that these changes are directly linked to early reactions of nitrogen assimilation. The combined data are discussed in terms of our current understanding of the interaction between GA and primary metabolism and their crosstalk in environmental responses.Item Metabolic diversity in tuber tissues of native Chiloé potatoes and commercial cultivars of Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.(Metabolomics, 2018-10) Silva, Franklin Magnum de Oliveira; Machado, Mariana; Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Inostroza-Blancheteau, Claudio; Durán, Fabiola; Solano, Jaime; Obata, Toshihiro; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Reyes-Díaz, MarjorieThe native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) cultivated on Chiloé Island in southern Chile have great variability in terms of tuber shape, size, color and flavor. These traits have been preserved throughout generations due to the geographical position of Chiloé, as well as the different uses given by local farmers. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity of metabolites in skin and pulp tissues of eleven native accessions of potatoes from Chile, and evaluate the metabolite associations between tuber tissues. For a deeper characterization of these accessions, we performed a comprehensive metabolic study in skin and pulp tissues of tubers, 3 months after harvesting. Specific targeted quantification of metabolites using 96 well microplates, and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with non-targeted metabolite profiling by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used in this study. We observed differential levels of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds between skin and pulp compared to a common commercial cultivar (Desireé). In addition, we uncovered considerable metabolite variability between different tuber tissues and between native potatoes. Network correlation analysis revealed different metabolite associations among tuber tissues that indicate distinct associations between primary metabolite and anthocyanin levels, and antioxidant activity in skin and pulp tissues. Moreover, multivariate analysis lead to the grouping of native and commercial cultivars based on metabolites from both skin and pulp tissues. As well as providing important information to potato producers and breeding programs on the levels of health relevant phytochemicals and other abundant metabolites such as starch, proteins and amino acids, this study highlights the associations of different metabolites in tuber skins and pulp, indicating the need for distinct strategies for metabolic engineering in these tissues. Furthermore, this study shows that native Chilean potato accessions have great potential as a natural source of phytochemicals.Item On the role of plant mitochondrial metabolism and its impact on photosynthesis in both optimal and sub-optimal growth conditions(Photosynthesis Research, 2014-02) Araújo, Wagner L.; Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Fernie, Alisdair R.Given that the pathways of photosynthesis and respiration catalyze partially opposing processes, it follows that their relative activities must be carefully regulated within plant cells. Recent evidence has shown that the components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are essential for the proper maintenance of intracellular redox gradients, to allow considerable rates of photorespiration and in turn efficient photosynthesis. Thus considerable advances have been made in understanding the interaction between respiration and photosynthesis during the last decades and the potential mechanisms linking mitochondrial function and photosynthetic efficiency will be reviewed. Despite the fact that manipulation of various steps of mitochondrial metabolism has been demonstrated to alter photosynthesis under optimal growth conditions, it is likely that these changes will, by and large, not be maintained under sub-optimal situations. Therefore producing plants to meet this aim remains a critical challenge. It is clear, however, that although there have been a range of studies analysing changes in respiratory and photosynthetic rates in response to light, temperature and CO2, our knowledge of the environmental impact on these processes and its linkage still remains fragmented. We will also discuss the metabolic changes associated to plant respiration and photosynthesis as important components of the survival strategy as they considerably extend the period that a plant can withstand to a stress situation.