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URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11743
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Item Layered double hydroxides: matrices for storage and source of boron for plant growth(Clay Minerals, 2018-03) Castro, Gustavo Franco de; Ferreira, Jader Alves; Eulálio, Denise; Souza, Silas Junior de; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Pinto, Frederico Garcia; Tronto, JairoThe increase of the absorption efficiency of boron (B) by plants is essential for increasing crop productivity. The intercalation of B in MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is an alternative to evaluating how these materials can provide B to plants. In this work, a MgAl LDH intercalated with borate ions (Mg2Al-B-LDH) was synthesized by the constant pH coprecipitation method, and the material produced was evaluated as a matrix for storage and as a source of B for plants. The Mg2Al-B-LDH was characterized by XRD, ATR-FTIR, TGA-DTA, specific surface area, pore size and volume, and SEM. A bioassay was performed to verify the supply of B to plants from the two sources in the forms of H3BO3 and of Mg2Al-B-LDH to sunflower plants grown in pots. The LDH basal spacing value of 12.0 Å is characteristic of intercalation of tetraborate octahydrate ions [B4O5(OH)42−]·8H2O between the layers. There was an increase in the dry matter (DM) and B content of the plants relative to those treatments where no B was added. The lack of statistical difference for plant yield between the two sources of B suggests a lack of stability of the Mg2Al-B-LDH structure under the acidic condition of the soil.Item Protective effect of divalent cations against aluminum toxicity in soybean(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2008-09) Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da; Corrêa, Tarcísio Fernando Côrtes; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Gebrim, Fabrício de Oliveira; Nunes, Flancer Novais; Silva, Eulene Francisco da; Smyth, Thomas JotA large proportion of soybean fields in Brazil are currently cultivated in the Cerrado region, where the area planted with this crop is growing considerably every year. Soybean cultivation in acid soils is also increasing worldwide. Since the levels of toxic aluminum (Al) in these acid soils is usually high it is important to understand how cations can reduce Al rhizotoxicity in soybean. In the present study we evaluated the ameliorative effect of nine divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr, Sn, Cu, Zn, Co and Ba) in solution culture on Al rhizotoxicity in soybean. The growth benefit of Ca and Mg to plants in an acid Inceptisol was also evaluated. In this experiment soil exchangeable Ca:Mg ratios were adjusted to reach 10 and 60 % base saturation, controlled by different amounts of CaCl2 or MgCl2 (at proportions from 100:0 up to 0:100), without altering the soil pH level. The low (10 %) and adequate (60 %) base saturation were used to examine how plant roots respond to Al at distinct (Ca + Mg)/Al ratios, as if they were growing in soils with distinct acidity levels. Negative and positive control treatments consisted of absence (under native soil or undisturbed conditions) or presence of lime (CaCO3) to reach 10 and 60 % base saturation, respectively. It was observed that in the absence of Aluminum, Cu, Zn, Co and Sn were toxic even at a low concentration (25 µmol L-1), while the effect of Mn, Ba, Sr and Mg was positive or absent on soybean root elongation when used in concentrations up to 100 µmol L-1. At a level of 10 µmol L-1 Al, root growth was only reverted to the level of control plants by the Mg treatment. Higher Tin doses led to a small alleviation of Al rhizotoxicity, while the other cations reduced root growth or had no effect. This is an indication that the Mg effect is ion-specific and not associated to an electrostatic protection mechanism only, since all ions were divalent and used at low concentrations. An increased exchangeable Ca:Mg ratio (at constant soil pH) in the acid soil almost doubled the soybean shoot and root dry matter even though treatments did not modify soil pH and exchangeable Al3+. This indicates a more efficient alleviation of Al toxicity by Mg2+ than by Ca2+. The reason for the positive response to Mg2+ was not the supply of a deficient nutrient because CaCO3 increased soybean growth by increasing soil pH without inducing Mg2+ deficiency. Both in hydroponics and acid soil, the reduction in Al toxicity was accompanied by a lower Al accumulation in plant tissue, suggesting a competitive cation absorption and/or exclusion of Al from plant tissue stimulated by an Mg-induced physiological mechanism.Item Fluxo difusivo de micronutrientes catiônicos afetado pelo tipo, dose e época de incorporação de adubos verdes ao solo(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2006-11) Pegoraro, Rodinei Facco; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo; Nunes, Flancer Novais; Gebrim, Fabrício OliveiraOs solos brasileiros, principalmente os do cerrado, são bastante intemperizados e pobres em alguns micronutrientes catiônicos na solução do solo. A utilização de técnicas de manejo, como a adubação verde, pode favorecer o fluxo difusivo (FD) e a disponibilidade desses nutrientes para as plantas. O presente trabalho visou avaliar se a incorporação de adubos verdes ao solo, em diferentes doses e épocas, modifica o FD e a forma iônica de transporte dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn no solo. Para tanto, foram incorporados dois resíduos vegetais largamente cultivados como adubo verde: o feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) ou o milheto (Pennisetum americanum) por diferentes períodos (0, 15, 25, 35, 45 e 55 dias) e doses (0, 9, 18 e 36 t ha-1) num Latossolo Vermelho, argiloso, em condições de laboratório. Para avaliar o FD, utilizaram-se resinas de troca aniônica (positivamente carregada) e de troca catiônica (negativamente carregada) na forma de lâmina, incubadas junto ao solo em câmaras de difusão durante 15 dias. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que houve aumento do FD do Cu e do Fe com o aumento das doses de material vegetal, principalmente no início do período de incubação, e maior fluxo desses dois micronutrientes para a resina aniônica em relação à catiônica, possivelmente por ser o seu transporte no solo mais dependente da formação de complexos organometálicos com carga líquida negativa. Já para Zn e Mn, o fluxo difusivo foi maior para a resina catiônica. O aumento do tempo de incubação favoreceu o fluxo difusivo de Mn e Zn e reduziu o do Cu e Fe.Item Fluxo difusivo e biodisponibilidade de zinco, cobre, ferro e manganês no solo: influência da calagem, textura do solo e resíduos vegetais(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2006-09) Pegoraro, Rodinei Facco; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Gebrim, Fabrício de Oliveira; Moreira, Frederico FonsecaEm solos altamente intemperizados, o fluxo difusivo é o principal mecanismo de transporte de Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn até à superfície das raízes das plantas. Práticas de manejo, como a calagem e a adição de resíduos vegetais ao solo, podem influir no fluxo difusivo e na disponibilidade desses micronutrientes catiônicos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o fluxo difusivo e a biodisponibilidade de Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn, nas formas catiônicas ou aniônicas, em dois Latosssolos, sob influência de doses de calcário e de resíduos vegetais. Para tanto, os resíduos vegetais, do feijão guandu ou do milheto, foram incorporados em amostra de um Latossolo textura média (LVA) e outro de textura argilosa (LV). Para avaliar o fluxo difusivo, utilizou-se resina de troca aniônica (positivamente carregada) e de troca catiônica (negativamente carregada) na forma de lâminas, incubadas no solo, em câmaras de difusão, durante quinze dias. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a calagem reduziu o fluxo difusivo dos micronutrientes, mas a incorporação de resíduos vegetais aos solos atuou inversamente, minimizando o efeito negativo da calagem na difusão. O Cu e o Fe foram transportados, predominantemente, na forma aniônica, enquanto o Zn e o Mn, predominantemente, na forma catiônica. A adição de resíduos vegetais também aumentou o pH dos solos e melhorou a absorção dos micronutrientes pelas plantas de milho, principalmente, quando se incorporou resíduo de milheto, no LVA, e de guandu, no LV.Item Physiological responses to hypoxia and Manganese in Eucalyptus clones with differential tolerance to Vale do Rio Doce shoot dieback(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2018-02-01) Harguindeguy, Ignácio; Castro, Gustavo Franco de; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Vergutz, Leonardus; Araujo, Wagner Luiz; Novais, Roberto FerreiraVale do Rio Doce shoot dieback (VRDSD) is an anomaly whose cause seems to be associated with hypoxic conditions and their consequences (excess Mn and Fe) triggered by elevation of the water table in areas with poor drainage. Different plants have distinct survival strategies under this form of stress. The objective of this study was to understand the physiological responses involved in the differential tolerance of eucalyptus clones to VRDSD and their relationship to hypoxia and excess Mn. A hydroponic experiment was carried out using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, two eucalyptus clones with different levels of tolerance to VRDSD (sensitive Urograndis hybrid - 1213; and the tolerant Rio Claro hybrid - Eucalyptus grandis x unknown - 2719), two concentrations of O2 (8 and 4 mg L-1), and two Mn concentrations (1.39 and 300 mg L-1) in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates. Forty-day-old clones were maintained in Clark nutrient solution for 30 days. After this period, the treatments were applied for 11 days. Plant gaseous exchange shoot and root production, and the quantity of enzymes related to oxidative stress in leaves and roots were evaluated. In the tolerant clone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced under hypoxic conditions, accompanied by reduction in production of dry matter, malondialdehyde (MDA), and in activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). However, this clone had greater production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under these conditions, an enzyme responsible for detoxification of ROS, which acts as part of the Low Oxygen Quiescence Syndrome (LOQS). In contrast, sensitive clones did not exhibit expressive reductions in growth or changes in the leaf/root ratio. These clones formed large quantities of adventitious roots and had high levels of MDA and ADH and low levels of SOD. Therefore, sensitive clones appear not to be prepared for detoxification of ROS and other toxic metabolites, but rather adopt morphological escape mechanisms, the Low Oxygen Escape Syndrome (LOES), in response to hypoxia. Thus, the period of soil waterlogging may cause the death of large numbers of roots in sensitive clones, limiting their ability to absorb water and nutrients and culminating in the death of these plants. Excess Mn seems to aggravate the damage caused by hypoxia, but it is not the causal agent of VRDSD.Item Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers produced by the re-use of a metallurgical acid residue(Journal of Environmental Management, 2017-11-11) Barreto, Matheus Sampaio Carneiro; Mattiello, Edson Marcio; Santos, Wedisson Oliveira; Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo; Vergütz, Leonardus; Novais, Roberto FerreiraThe production of fertilizers with industrial wastes reduces the environmental impacts of waste disposal and improves environmental sustainability by generating added-value products. Our objective with this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and potential soil/plant contamination with heavy metals of alternative phosphate (P) fertilizers, obtained from the acidulation of phosphate rocks (PR) by a metallurgical acidic waste. Seven P fertilizers were evaluated: three PR (Araxá, Patos, and Bayóvar), their respective acidulated products (PAPR), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP). A greenhouse trial was carried out to test the agronomic performances of fertilizers in a sequentially cultivated maize-soybean-white oat. The reaction of PR with acid waste was effective to increase their solubility and improve plant yield and P uptake compared to their natural PR. There was a cumulative recovery by plants of 1.4 and 8.1% of added P via PR and PAPR, respectively. No increase in heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) availability in soil or accumulation in shoots was observed, indicating that the PAPR were environmentally safe. The usage of acid waste to produce P fertilizers therefore represents a strategic way to employ marginal products for the production of fertilizers.Item Cultivo in vitro de plântulas de orquídea em meios com diferentes concentrações de fertilizante mineral(Revista Ceres, 2012-01-27) Rodrigues, Donizetti Tomaz; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo; Dias, José Maria Moreira; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Villani, Ecila Mercês de AlbuquerqueExistem diversos meios nutritivos utilizados no cultivo in vitro de orquídeas, com diferentes composições e concentrações de sais, resultando em respostas distintas entre eles. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento in vitro de plântulas de orquídea (Cattleya walkeriana Gardner) sob diferentes doses de fertilizante NPK, adicionado ao meio de cultivo, como fonte de nutrientes. Foi utilizado o fertilizante Peters® na formulação NPK 10-30-20 + Mg + micronutrientes, nas doses de: 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 e 10,0 g L^-1 de meio, acrescido de água de coco (150 mL L^-1), sacarose (20 g L^-1), carvão ativado (2 g L^-1) e pH corrigido para 5,6. Foram utilizados frascos de vidro de 320 mL de capacidade, contendo 35 mL de meio onde foram inoculadas dez plântulas com seis meses de idade, previamente germinadas em meio Knudson C. O experimento foi mantido em sala de crescimento a 27 ± 2 ºC, 16/8 h luz/escuro e irradiância de 48 µmol m^-2 s^-1. A produção máxima de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas, aos seis meses de idade, foi estimada em 0,255 g/frasco com uso de 5,22 g L^-1 do fertilizante adicionado ao meio de cultura. Considerando a possibilidade de salinidade elevada do meio, para algumas espécies de orquídea, estimou-se a dose de fertilizante (3,55 g L^-1) necessária para obtenção de 90% da produção máxima. As raízes apresentaram drástica redução do crescimento (menor número e curtas) em condições de alta concentração de fertilizante.Item Concentrações e composições químicas do meio nutritivo para o cultivo in vitro de orquídea(Revista Ceres, 2011-10-04) Rodrigues, Donizetti Tomaz; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo; Dias, José Maria Moreira; Villani, Ecila Mercês de AlbuquerquePlântulas de orquídeas cultivadas in vitro respondem de forma distinta aos vários meios de cultura empregados nessa técnica. Este trabalho comparou o meio nutritivo Knudson C, utilizado no cultivo de orquídeas, com o denominado MN e outros dois meios preparados com fertilizantes Peters®: NPK 10-30-20 + micronutrientes e NPK 30-10-10 + micronutrientes para o cultivo in vitro de plântulas do híbrido Etibaia (Cattleya walkeriana x C. loddigesii), com seis meses de idade, germinadas sobre o meio Knudson C. Os três últimos meios foram testados com as seguintes doses de sais: 0,25; 0,50; 1,00; 1,75; e 2,25 g L^-1, e o meio Knudson C, 2,0 g L^-1. A todos os meios adicionaram-se 20 g L^-1 de sacarose, solidificado com 10 g L^-1 de ágar, e o pH foi ajustado a 5,7. Aos meios MN e Peters® foram acrescentados 2 g L^-1 de carvão ativado e 200 ml L^-1 de água de coco. Foram utilizados frascos de vidro de 320 mL contendo 35 mL de meio nutritivo, e o experimento foi mantido em sala de crescimento a 27 ± 2 ºC, 16/8 h luz/escuro e irrdiância de 48 µmol m^-2 s^-1. Melhores respostas para produção de matéria fresca foram obtidas com os fertilizantes NPK, em comparação com os meios Knudson C e MN. A produção de matéria fresca aumentou linearmente com o aumento da dose de nutrientes nos meios MN e nos dois NPK. As plântulas de orquídea cultivadas em meio Knudson C apresentaram os menores valores para as variáveis avaliadas.Item Nutrient relations during an eucalyptus cycle at different population densities(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2011-03) Leite, Fernando Palha; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Barros, Nairam Félix de; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Villani, Ecila Mercês de AlbuquerqueTo synchronize nutrient availability with the requirements of eucalyptus during a cultivation cycle, the nutrient flow of this system must be well understood. Essential, for example, is information about nutrient dynamics in eucalyptus plantations throughout a cultivation cycle, as well as impacts on soil nutrient reserves caused by the accumulation and subsequent export of nutrients via biomass. It is also important to quantify the effect of some management practices, such as tree population density (PD) on these fluxes. Some nutrient relations in an experiment with Eucalyptus grandis, grown at different PDs in Santa Barbara, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated for one cultivation cycle. At forest ages of 0.25, 2.5, 4.5, and 6.75 years, evaluations were carried out in the stands at seven different PDs (between 500 and 5,000 trees ha-1) which consisted in chemical analyses of plant tissue sampled from components of the aboveground parts of the tree, from the forest floor and the litterfall. Nutrient contents and allocations of the different biomass components were estimated. In general, there were only small and statistically insignificant effects of PD on the nutrient concentration in trees. With increasing forest age, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations were reduced in the aboveground components and the forest floor. The magnitud of biochemical nutrient cycling followed the sequence: P > K > N > Mg. At the end of the cycle, the quantities of N, P, Ca and Mg immobilized in the forest floor were higher than in the other components.Item Chemical sterilization in in vitro propagation of Arundina bambusifolia Lindl. and Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth(Revista Ceres, 2013-03-27) Rodrigues, Donizetti Tomaz; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Venegas, Víctor Hugo Alvarez; Dias, José Maria Moreira; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Villani, Ecila Mercês de AlbuquerqueThere is a great demand for simpler and less costly laboratory techniques and for more accessible procedures for orchid breeders who do not have the necessary theoretical basis to use the traditional seed and clone production methods of orchids in vitro. The aim of this study was to assess the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as a decontaminant in the process of inoculating adult orchid explants of Arundina bambusifolia and Epidendrum ibaguenses. Solutions of NaClO (1.200, 2.400, 3.600, 4.800 and 6.000 mg L^-1 - equivalent to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mL L^-1 of commercial bleach - CB) were sprayed on the explants (1.0 mL) and the culture medium (GB5), in the presence or absence of activated charcoal (2 g L^-1). The explants used were nodal segments of field-grown adult plants. The procedures for inoculating the explants were conducted outside the laminar flow chamber (LFC), except for the control treatment (autoclaved medium and explant inoculation inside the LFC). The best results for fresh weight yield, height and number of shoots were obtained using NaClO in solution at 1.200 mg L^-1 (equivalent to 50 mL L^-1 commercial bleach) with activated charcoal in the culture medium. Fresh weight figures were 1.10 g/jar for Arundina bambusifolia and 0.16 g/jar for Epidendrum ibaguenses. Spraying the NaClO solutions controls the contamination of the culture medium already inoculated with the explants.