Economia Aplicada
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6
Navegar
3 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item The effects of human capital and private investment in technology on economic structure(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-09-04) Leite, Deyvid William; Cardoso, Leonardo Chaves Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5660203352037941It is well known that economic structure is linked to human capital, private investment in technology and income growth. Even though disentangling how this relationship happens is crucial for policy screening, this still needs a better understanding. We shed light on this debate by analyzing economic structure in two investigations. The first investigation is on the effect of human capital on economic structure. I exploit a significant expansion in the Brazilian federal network of technological and professional education since 2002 as an instrument for human capital. Data are on human capital for Brazilian micro-regions from 2003 to 2015. Results indicated that higher levels of economic structure are associated with a larger stock of human capital. The second investigation studies the effect of private investment in technology on economic struc- ture. A federal law fostering private investment in research and development is used as an instrument for investment in technology. Data are on investment in technology for Brazilian municipalities from 2002 to 2016. Results showed the federal law was effective and private investment in technology has a positive and significant effect on economic structure. We concluded human capital and investment in technology should be promoted due to their effect on economic structure. Keywords: Economic structure. Human capital. Technological education. Investment in technology. Economic complexity.Item Human capital, investment in technology, and economic complexity(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2019-02-28) Leite, Deyvid William; Cardoso, Leonardo Chaves Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5660203352037941This investigation aims to explain the relationship between productive structure, exported products, human capital, and investment in technology at national level. An export sophistication index is used as a proxy for productive structure. The sophistication of exports is called economic complexity and this is used as an adequate measure of per capita income growth. Our yearly based dataset included 98 countries from 1996 to 2015. The results indicate a positive impact of the quantity and the quality of human capital on economic complexity. PISA surveys, the qualitative measure of human capital, showed that the higher percentiles of PISA scores had larger and significant effects on complexity. The influence of human capital on economic complexity decreases as education rises, yielding larger effects in countries with a low level of human capital. Investment in technology and trade openness presented positive and significant effects on economic complexity. We concluded that investments in human capital and technology should be promoted, especially where human capital is low.Item Early exposure to macroeconomic shocks: gold boom and birth weight in Colombia(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017-02-21) Charris Vizcaino, Carlos Andres; Féres, José GustavoThe human capital literature has suggested a significant role of individual capabilities in the formation of human capital. There is substantial evidence that inequalities in capacities are consequences of differences in initial endowments (e.g. birth weight). In turn, there exists a hypothesis in the epidemiological literature pointing out that fetuses are vulnerable to environmental factors, which can have a positive or negative impact on their initial endowments. Taken together, this suggests that identifying shocks that affect health at birth must be of particular interest to researchers and policy makers. Therefore, this research attempted to provide further empirical evidence to the question whether macroeconomic shocks have effect on neonatal outcomes. The evidence came from of the study of collateral effects of the 2002 surge in international gold prices on the probability of low and very low birth weight in the Colombian context. Additionally, we verified whether this effect is correlated with measures of maternal exposure to the gold boom. Because changes in the return to gold-related work are accompanied by competing income and substitution effects, we estimated the net effect of the gold boom on health at birth. Our methodology followed a difference-in- differences approach by assessing whether changes in gold world prices affect birth outcomes disproportionately in municipalities that produce more of this commodity. Using the records of vital statistics from 1998 to 2014, we find that the surge in world gold prices disproportionately reduced the incidence of low and low birth weight in gold municipalities. We also find that the shock increased fertility for less-educated mothers and decreased use of prenatal care for all mothers. We conclude that, given that women’s health behavior worsens with gold boom and that incomes are higher in this cycle, it would seem that the income effect is an important determinant of health at birth.