Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/200
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Item Sustainability in the brazilian dairy industry : energy efficiency and bulk water charging(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2020-02-03) Lima, Luiz Paulo de; Carvalho, Antonio Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0073522620836204The increase in the average temperature of the Earth, the increase in the sea level and the scarcity of water resources are just some of the environmental phenomena that have demonstrated the importance of mitigating or compensating the impacts of human actions, such as those of industrial activities. However, industrial activities are also responsible for generating jobs, wealth and food. In Brazil, the dairy sector represents the second largest segment within the food industry. Thus, considering its relevance and, consequently, its ability to impact the environment, this thesis aimed to conduct an investigation on aspects of its sustainability: (i) analysis of the energy matrix and energy efficiency of the Brazilian dairy industry; and (ii) evaluation of the impact of charging for the bulk water use in the dairy industry. The first part of this thesis was conducted based on data collected through a questionnaire, applied to managers of Brazilian dairy industries. The data come from 37 cheese producing establishments, distributed among the Brazilian regions. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics and data envelopment analysis. In the second part of this thesis it was development a case study for a dairy industry that produces mozzarella cheese. In this case, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Among the results obtained, it was observed that firewood is the most used fuel in the generation of thermal energy, while diesel is the most used in the generation of electricity. There was greater efficiency of scale (76.1%) than pure technical efficiency (48.4%). However, dairy products have a low level of energy efficiency (34.9%). Regarding the use of water, the price increase related to charging by its use was low (from 0.04 to 0.09% of production costs), indicating that this cost can be absorbed by the industries. However, it should be noted that these values are relevant to the implementation of several actions to improving the quantity and quality of water. There is a future perspective of a more rational use of the natural resources in the Brazilian dairy industry. However, it should occur gradually from the entry of new more competitive dairy establishments, and from the development of policies associated with the internalization of environmental impacts caused by users/polluters. Keywords: Energy matrix. Food industry. Milk processing. Natural resources. Water pricing.