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Acute consumption of yacon shake did not affect glycemic response in euglycemic, normal weight, healthy adults
(Journal of Functional Foods, 2018-05) Rocha, Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado; Ribeiro, Priscila Vaz de Melo; Caldas, Ana Paula Silva; Silva, Bárbara Pereira da; Silva, Alessandra da; Almeida, Alinne Paula de; Silva, Nayara Benedito Martins da; Machado, Adriane Moreira; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob) is a natural source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) studied for its potential as a functional food for prevention and management of chronic diseases, in part associated with its positive impact on glycemic response and body weight. However, yacon beneficial effect on glucose response and food intake control are still controversial. We investigated the acute effect of yacon consumption on glycemic response, subjective appetitive sensations, and food intake in a crossover trial. Fifteen healthy adults consumed 350 mL of yacon (21 g of yacon flour with 7.4 g of FOS) or control shake, on two non-consecutive days (washout). Yacon shake did not affect glycemic response, appetite or food intake. However, it is possible that positive effects of yacon consumption may turn evident only after its chronic consumption. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of yacon consumption on glucose response and body weight control.
Comparing sorghum and wheat whole grain breakfast cereals: Sensorial acceptance and bioactive compound content
(Food Chemistry, 2016-11-17) Anunciação, Pamella Cristine; Cardoso, Leandro de Morais; Gomes, Jaqueline Vieira Piovesana; Lucia, Ceres Mattos Della; Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei Piler; Galdeano, Melicia Cintia; Queiroz, Valéria Aparecida Vieira; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Martino, Hércia Stampini Duarte; Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, Helena Maria
The sensory acceptance and the content of bioactive compounds of whole-sorghum and whole-wheat breakfast cereals were compared. Sensory acceptance was assessed using the Food Action Rating Scale. 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins, flavones and flavanones were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection, and vitamin E by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry. The sorghum breakfast cereal had better sensory acceptance (70.6%) than wheat breakfast cereal (41.18%). Sorghum had higher 3-deoxyanthocyanidin content (100% higher), total phenolic compounds (98.2% higher) and antioxidant activity (87.9% higher) than wheat breakfast cereal. Flavones and flavanones were not detected in both breakfast cereals. Total vitamin E content was 78.6% higher in wheat than in sorghum breakfast cereal. Thus, consumption of whole sorghum breakfast cereal should be encouraged, since it had good sensory acceptance and is a source of bioactive compounds that can promote benefits to human health.
Consumption of a drink containing extruded sorghum reduces glycaemic response of the subsequent meal
(European Journal of Nutrition, 2016-10-12) Anunciação, Pamella Cristine; Cardoso, Leandro de Morais; Queiroz, Valéria Aparecida Vieira; Menezes, Cicero Beserra de; Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei Piler de; Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, Helena Maria; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Glycaemic control is essential to prevent the manifestation of diabetes in predisposed individuals and the development of associated comorbidities. It is believed that sorghum may modulate the glucose response. In this study, we investigated the effect of extruded sorghum consumption, and the profile of bioactive compounds, on postprandial glycaemia of a subsequent meal in normal weight and normoglycaemic subjects. This was a randomized, single-blind, crossover designed study. After a 12 h overnight fasting, ten subjects reported to the laboratory to participate in four experimental sessions, and consumed one of three sorghum test drinks: sorghum P 3-DXAs (with proanthocyanidins—P and rich in 3-deoxyanthocyanidins—3-DXAs); 3-DXAs (without proanthocyanidins and rich in 3-DXAs); and control (low in 3-DXAs and without proanthocyanidins); or a non-sorghum drink. 30 min later, the subjects consumed a glucose solution (25 g glucose). Glycaemic response was monitored at times 0 (before glucose solution), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min (after glucose solution consumption). The incremental areas under the glycaemic curve (iAUC) were calculated by the trapezoidal method. Intake of P 3-DXAs drink before the glucose solution resulted in a postprandial iAUC lower than the other sorghum test drinks. Sorghum drinks minimized the postprandial glycaemia peak. Sorghum drinks consumption, especially the P 3-DXAs drink, 30 min before the glucose solution resulted in lower iAUC compared to the non-sorghum drink, leading to a lower glycaemic response.
Consumption of extra virgin olive oil improves body composition and blood pressure in women with excess body fat: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
(European Journal of Nutrition, 2017-08-14) Cândido, Flávia Galvão; Valente, Flávia Xavier; Silva, Laís Emilia da; Coelho, Olívia Gonçalves Leão; Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Despite the fact that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is widely used in obese individuals to treat cardiovascular diseases, the role of EVOO on weight/fat reduction remains unclear. We investigated the effects of energy-restricted diet containing EVOO on body composition and metabolic disruptions related to obesity. This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 41 adult women with excess body fat (mean ± SD 27.0 ± 0.9 year old, 46.8 ± 0.6% of total body fat) received daily high-fat breakfasts containing 25 mL of soybean oil (control group, n = 20) or EVOO (EVOO group, n = 21) during nine consecutive weeks. Breakfasts were part of an energy-restricted normal-fat diets (−2090 kJ, ~32%E from fat). Anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed, and fasting blood was collected on the first and last day of the experiment. Fat loss was ~80% higher on EVOO compared to the control group (mean ± SE: −2.4 ± 0.3 kg vs. −1.3 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.037). EVOO also reduced diastolic blood pressure when compared to control (–5.1 ± 1.6 mmHg vs. +0.3 ± 1.2 mmHg, P = 0.011). Within-group differences (P < 0.050) were observed for HDL-c (−2.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L) and IL-10 (+0.9 ± 0.1 pg/mL) in control group, and for serum creatinine (+0.04 ± 0.01 µmol/L) and alkaline phosphatase (−3.3 ± 1.8 IU/L) in the EVOO group. There was also a trend for IL-1β EVOO reduction (−0.3 ± 0.1 pg/mL, P = 0.060). EVOO consumption reduced body fat and improved blood pressure. Our results indicate that EVOO should be included into energy-restricted programs for obesity treatment.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementations to control cognitive decline in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
(Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2015-05-13) Fernandes, Dalila Pinto de Souza; Rezende, Fabiane Aparecida Canaan; Rocha, Gabriele Pereira; Filgueiras, Mariana De Santis; Moreira, Patrícia Regina Silva; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
There is a lack of consensus on the benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementations on cognition in dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) elderly. This study presents a systematic review of the results of randomized clinical trials about this topic. The adopted search criteria were randomized clinical trials involving elderly over 65 years of age with no limit to the year of publication of the study. We identified 139 articles, and from the eligible ones a reverse search was conducted. The quality of the trials was assessed using the Jadad scale. Of the four selected studies, three were related to mild to moderate AD elderly, of both genders. Mini Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive, and Clinical Dementia Rate were the main tests used to assess cognitive performance. EPA and/or DHA supplementations did not affect scores obtained on the cognitive tests. However, supplementation with EPA and/or DHA improved verbal fluency and attention in patients who had only very mild dementia or AD or presented APOEε4 negative genotype. In case of advanced AD elderly patients, EPA and/or DHA supplementations did not reduce cognitive decline rates.
Effect of glycemic index on obesity control
(Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015-04-16) Pereira, Elisângela Vitoriano; Costa, Jorge de Assis; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Evaluate the effect of glycemic index (GI) on biochemical parameters, food intake, energy metabolism, anthropometric measures and body composition in overweight subjects. Simple blind study, in which nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to consume in the laboratory two daily low GI (n = 10) or high GI (n = 9) meals, for forty-five consecutive days. Habitual food intake was assessed at baseline. Food intake, anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed at each 15 days. Energy metabolism and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and the end of the study. Low GI meals increased fat oxidation, and reduced waist circumference and HOMA-IR, while high GI meals increased daily dietary fiber and energy intake compared to baseline. There was a higher reduction on waist circumference and body fat, and a higher increase on postprandial fat oxidation in response to the LGI meals than after high GI meals. High GI meals increased fasting respiratory coefficient compared to baseline and low GI meals. The results of the present study showed that the consumption of two daily low GI meals for forty-five consecutive days has a positive effect on obesity control, whereas, the consumption of high GI meals result has the opposite effect.
Effect of glycemic index on obesity control
(Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015-06) Pereira, Elisângela Vitoriano; Costa, Jorge de Assis; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Evaluate the effect of glycemic index (GI) on biochemical parameters, food intake, energy metabolism, anthropometric measures and body composition in overweight subjects. Simple blind study, in which nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to consume in the laboratory two daily low GI (n = 10) or high GI (n = 9) meals, for forty-five consecutive days. Habitual food intake was assessed at baseline. Food intake, anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed at each 15 days. Energy metabolism and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and the end of the study. Low GI meals increased fat oxidation, and reduced waist circumference and HOMA-IR, while high GI meals increased daily dietary fiber and energy intake compared to baseline. There was a higher reduction on waist circumference and body fat, and a higher increase on postprandial fat oxidation in response to the LGI meals than after high GI meals. High GI meals increased fasting respiratory coefficient compared to baseline and low GI meals. The results of the present study showed that the consumption of two daily low GI meals for forty-five consecutive days has a positive effect on obesity control, whereas, the consumption of high GI meals result has the opposite effect.
Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects
(Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 2010-02) Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Bressan, Josefina; Paiva, Aline Cardoso de
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of different protein sources on food intake and energy expenditure in normal weight subjects. Breakfast preparations (casein, soy protein, whey protein or control) were ingested during seven consecutive days. Appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. Casein consumption led to a lower energy intake than whey protein. There was lower energy intake on day 7 than on day 1 of the casein session. Soy protein preparations resulted in higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) than in control preparations. The respiratory quotient (RQ) obtained in the whey protein session was lower than the control and soy protein sessions. These results suggest that the consumption of different protein types leads to distinct effects on satiety (casein), DIT (soy protein), and/or RQ (whey protein).
Extruded sorghum consumption associated with a caloric restricted diet reduces body fat in overweight men: A randomized controlled trial
(Food Research International, 2019-05) Cardoso, Leandro de Morais; Anunciação, Pamella Cristine; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Queiroz, Valéria Aparecida Vieira; Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei Piler; Martino, Hércia Stampini Duarte; Pinheiro-Sant'Ana, Helena Maria
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum intake on body composition and metabolic variables in overweight men. In a randomized controlled crossover study, 24 overweight men (25.6 ± 4.6 years) were randomly allocated into one of two treatments: extruded sorghum or extruded wheat. The study consisted of 2 periods of 8 weeks with at least 4 weeks of washout. Anthropometric, clinical and metabolic risk variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of each intervention period. Extruded sorghum consumption reduced body fat percentage and increased daily carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake when compared to wheat consumption. Also, sorghum increased the serum glutathione peroxidase concentration, but no difference was observed when compared to wheat consumption. Extruded sorghum demonstrated to be a good alternative to control obesity in overweight men.
High-oleic peanuts: New perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity
(Obesity, 2014-06-27) Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira; Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni; Macedo, Viviane Silva; Bressan, Josefina; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Mattes, Richard; Costa, Neuza Maria Brunoro
To evaluate the effects of acute and daily consumption of high-oleic peanuts (HOP) on inflammation and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men.In a 4-week randomized clinical trial, males with body mass index of 29.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 and aged 18-50 years were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22); or HOP (n = 21). They followed a hypocaloric-diet with or without 56 g/day of CVP or HOP. Main outcomes were changes in fasting blood biomarkers and postprandial insulin, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses after acute peanut intake. At baseline, HOP showed significantly lower postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, and TNF-α than CVP and CT. Changes in fasting blood biomarkers did not differ between groups after the 4-week intervention. However, within groups, total cholesterol decreased in CT, and all groups reduced High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Triglycerides were reduced in HOP and CVP. IL-10 increased significantly in all groups while only the CT and CVP showed increased TNF-α after intervention. Acute high-oleic peanut consumption leads to stronger moderation of postprandial glucose, insulin, and TNF-α concentrations than CVP and control meal intake. Whether daily intake of high-oleic peanuts has additional benefits to CVP remains uncertain.
High-oleic peanuts: New perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity
(The Obesity Society, 2014-06-27) Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira; Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni; Macedo, Viviane Silva; Bressan, Josefina; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Mattes, Richard; Costa, Neuza Maria Brunoro
To evaluate the effects of acute and daily consumption of high-oleic peanuts (HOP) on inflammation and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men. In a 4-week randomized clinical trial, males with body mass index of 29.8 ± 2.3 kg/m(2) and aged 18-50 years were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22); or HOP (n = 21). They followed a hypocaloric-diet with or without 56 g/day of CVP or HOP. Main outcomes were changes in fasting blood biomarkers and postprandial insulin, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses after acute peanut intake. At baseline, HOP showed significantly lower postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, and TNF-α than CVP and CT. Changes in fasting blood biomarkers did not differ between groups after the 4-week intervention. However, within groups, total cholesterol decreased in CT, and all groups reduced High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Triglycerides were reduced in HOP and CVP. IL-10 increased significantly in all groups while only the CT and CVP showed increased TNF-α after intervention. Acute high-oleic peanut consumption leads to stronger moderation of postprandial glucose, insulin, and TNF-α concentrations than CVP and control meal intake. Whether daily intake of high-oleic peanuts has additional benefits to CVP remains uncertain.
Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men
(European Journal of Nutrition, 2014-12-18) Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni; Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira; Teixeira, Tatiana Fiche Salles; Macedo, Viviane Silva; Oliveira, Leandro Licursi de; Costa, Neuza Maria Brunoro; Bressan, Josefina; Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia; Mattes, Richard; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. It has recently been proposed that there is a link between adipose tissue distribution and blood LPS. However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26–35 kg/m2 were evaluated. Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men.
Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and cardiometabolic alterations in Brazilian adults
(Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2015-06-21) Rocha, Anna Ligia Cabral da; Pereira, Patricia Feliciano; Pessoa, Milene Cristine; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Segheto, Wellington; Silva, Danielle Cristina Guimarães da; Andrade, Márcio Pacheco de; Longo, Giana Zarbato
The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cardiometabolic changes according to the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype in Brazilian adults. It is a population based transversal study with 976 adults (n = 533 women) 20-59 years old. Phenotype was defined by triglycerides concentration (TGL) ≥ 150 mg/dl and waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in females and ≥ 90 cm in males. All the analyses were adjusted according to the study design and pondered by gender, age and schooling. A descriptive analysis was performed through averages and ratios; their respective confidence intervals were herein presented (CI 95%). The prevalence of cardiometabolic changes due to the presence of HW and to gender was calculated and compared by means of Pearson's chi-square test. Statistic significance level was 0.05. The probability of coronary event risk was estimated in 10 years and calculated from Framinghan score, using Kernel density graph. No difference in phenotype prevalence between genders was observed. Higher averages in all the cardiometabolic risk factors analyzed and higher probability of evolving to a cardiovascular event in 10 years were observed in individuals with the HW phenotype. Lower HDL values were only verified in this group. the HW phenotype is an important cardiovascular risk sign and allows the premature identification of individuals with higher risk, so that its use in clinical practice must be encouraged, mainly because it is a simple low cost asset.
Impact of rice fortified with iron, zinc, thiamine and folic acid on laboratory measurements of nutritional status of preschool children
(Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2017-02) Lucia, Ceres Mattos Della; Santos, Laura Luiza Menezes; Silva, Bárbara Pereira da; Anunciação, Pamella Cristine; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Martino, Hércia Stampini Duarte; Sant’Ana, Helena Maria Pinheiro
Fortification of food constitutes an important strategy for the control of micronutrient deficiency and has advantages such as high population coverage and maintenance of eating habits. This study aimed to assess the impact of using fortified rice (Ultra Rice® - UR®) on the nutritional status of preschoolers. Ninety-nine children enrolled in two philanthropic preschools participated of the study. Children of one of the preschools were offered UR® mixed with polished rice, as part of school meals (test group) and the children of another preschool were offered pure polished rice (control group). Biochemical evaluations were performed before and after 4 months of intervention. Dietary assessment and sensory evaluation of UR® mixed with polished rice were performed during the study. The fortified rice improved the concentrations of zinc (p < 0.001), thiamine (p < 0.001), folic acid (p = 0.003), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p < 0.001) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001). The fortified rice showed good acceptability among preschoolers. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using rice fortified with iron, zinc, thiamine and folic acid on the nutritional status of children.
Intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas e glicemia de jejum de pacientes diabéticos
(Revista de Nutrição, 2008-02-15) Geraldo, Júnia Maria; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira; Salles, Vannina de Freitas; Queiroz, Valéria Maria Vitarelli; Bitencourt, Maria Christina Barros
Avaliar o alcance das atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de atendimento nutricional, promovido pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG), sobre a glicemia de jejum, medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal de indivíduos diabéticos. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, no qual pacientes diabéticos, recrutados do Projeto de Atendimento Nutricional a Diabéticos da Terceira Idade, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, participaram de reuniões quinzenais, nas quais foram abordados temas relativos à ingestão de dietas saudáveis, e receberam atendimento nutricional individualizado. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um roteiro clínico-nutricional, a 42 pacientes, contendo informações pessoais e itens referentes a: história clínica, inquérito dietético, dados antropométricos, de composição corporal e bioquímicos. Analisaram-se o peso, o índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da cintura, o percentual de gordura corporal e a glicemia de jejum antes de qualquer intervenção e após seis meses de acompanhamento. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 12.5. O critério de significância estatística adotado foi p<0,05. As análises, antes e depois do período de intervenção, foram realizadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Observou-se redução estatisticamente significante dos valores medianos do índice de massa corporal (p=0,032 e 0,022), da circunferência da cintura (p=0,036 e 0,03) e do percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,045 e 0,039) dos voluntários dos sexos masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Também foi observada redução estatisticamente significante na glicemia de jejum (p=0,035), apesar de o valor mediano deste parâmetro ainda ter permanecido acima das recomendações. Os resultados indicam que a terapia nutricional parece ter contribuído para a melhoria na adequação das medidas antropométricas e bioquímicas dos participantes, embora seja necessária a adesão ao tratamento proposto por um maior período de tempo, para que tais alterações se tornem ainda mais evidentes.
Low glycemic index diet reduces body fat and attenuates inflammatory and metabolic responses in patients with type 2 diabetes
(Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2016-09-05) Gomes, Júnia Maria Geraldo; Fabrini, Sabrina Pinheiro; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of glycemic index (GI) on body composition, and on inflammatory and metabolic markers concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this randomized controlled parallel trial, twenty subjects (aged 42.4 ± 5.1 years, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg.m -2 ) were allocated to low GI (LGI) (n = 10) or high GI (HGI) (n = 10) groups. Body composition, inflammatory and metabolic markers were assessed at baseline and after 30 days of intervention. Food intake was monitored during the study using three-day food records completed on two non-consecutive weekdays and on a weekend day. Body fat reduced after the LGI intervention compared with baseline (P = 0.043) and with the HGI group (P = 0.036). Serum fructosamine concentration (P = 0.031) and TNF-α mRNA expression (P = 0.05) increased in the HGI group. Serum non-esterified fatty acids were greater in the HGI than in the LGI group (P = 0.032). IL-6 mRNA expression tended to decrease after the consumption of the LGI diet compared to baseline (P = 0.06). The LGI diet reduced body fat and prevented the negative metabolic and inflammatory responses induced by the HGI diet.
Mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effect of avocado consumption: a systematic review
(International Journal of Food Properties, 2017) Caldas, Ana Paula Silva; Chaves, Larissa Oliveira; Silva, Letícia Linhares Da; Morais, Dayane De Castro; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
The objective of this review was to verify the effects of avocado consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases using the descriptor avocado, combined with CVD, monosaturated fat, antioxidant, lipoprotein, and inflammation, and their respective terms in Spanish. The review was carried out in pairs, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) recommendations. Initially, 234 studies were identified. After selection, eight articles were included. All the studies were randomized, most were crossover studies, and involving adult subjects. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), platelet aggregation, and apolipoproteins reductions; besides high- density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and serum lipid peroxidation increases; Ikappa-B protein (IkB-α) protein preservation; and NF-kappa B (NFκB) inactivation were observed. Thus, avocado consumption exerts a beneficial effect on CVDs prevention, which can be attributed to its mono- unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content, especially oleic fatty acid. However, there is no consensus on the amount of avocado needed to confer such benefits.
Perfil sociossanitário e estilo de vida de hipertensos e/ou diabéticos, usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família no município de Teixeiras, MG
(Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2007-05-08) Cotta, Rosângela Minardi Mitre; Batista, Kelly Cristina Siqueira; Reis, Roberta Sena; Souza, Gisele Adriana de; Dias, Glauce; Castro, Fátima Aparecida Ferreira de; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil sociossanitário e estilo de vida da população hipertensa e/ou diabética do município de Teixeiras (MG). Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas nos domicílios de hipertensos e/ou diabéticos cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família de Teixeiras (MG), selecionados aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistados 150 hipertensos (10,33% da população hipertensa) e 30 diabéticos (15% da população diabética), havendo uma predominância de indivíduos idosos (idade média=63,59 + 13,12 anos), do sexo feminino (74,4%), de baixa escolaridade (40,9% de analfabetismo) e de baixa renda (mediana de 0,5 salário mínimo). O tratamento destas morbidades foi basicamente medicamentoso (96,6%); houve uma elevada prevalência do sedentarismo (67,4%). Além disso, houve um grande consumo per capita diário de açúcar (153g + 110,66g), sal (18g + 21,26g) e óleo (60g + 43,23g). Os resultados obtidos apontam para a importância de intervenções multiprofissionais, por meio do Programa de Saúde da Família, com o objetivo de promover a adoção de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis, prevenir complicações dessas doenças e proporcionar melhoria da qualidade de vida.
Promoção da saúde e diabetes: discutindo a adesão e a motivação de indivíduos diabéticos participantes de programas de saúde
(Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2008-07-10) Costa, Jorge de Assis; Balga, Rômulo Sangiorgi Medina; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Cotta, Rosângela Minardi Mitre
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de revisão sistemática, informações publicadas sobre a adesão e a motivação de pessoas portadoras de diabetes mellitus (DM) participantes de programas de saúde que visam ao estímulo à adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Deu-se ênfase à ingestão de dieta adequada e à realização regular de exercícios físicos, enfocando tanto percepções e conhecimentos acerca da doença pelo portador de DM e seus cuidadores quanto a importância da mudança no estilo de vida, evidenciando-se caminhos a se buscar para melhora da qualidade de vida, demonstrando que é possível viver bem mesmo sendo portador de uma doença crônica como o DM. Para a revisão sistemática, consultaram-se publicações das principais bases de dados em saúde pública (Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, dentre outras) no período de 1994 a 2006. Foram selecionados 37 artigos que tratam do assunto saúde e doença versus diabetes nas mais variadas formas. Retrataram-se dificuldades diárias sentidas pelo portador de DM e por seus familiares para o controle da doença. Tais dificuldades podem influenciar diretamente na adesão do portador de DM ao tratamento prescrito. Assim, os fatores comportamentais e emocionais apresentados por paciente devem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de saúde para assistência integral a essa população.
Regular intake of high-oleic peanuts improves fat oxidation and body composition in overweight/obese men pursuing a energy-restricted diet
(Obesity, 2014-03-18) Alves, Raquel Duarte Moreira; Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni; Macedo, Viviane Silva; Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves; Bressan, Josefina; Mattes, Richard; Costa, Maria Brunoro
Evaluate the effect of high-oleic and conventional peanuts within a hypocaloric-diet on energy metabolism and body composition. This 4-week randomized clinical trial included males with BMI of 29.7 ± 2.4 kg m−2 and aged between 18 and 50 years. Participants were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22) that followed a hypocaloric-diet; conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22) or high-oleic peanuts (HOP, n = 21) that received the hypocaloric-diet including (not adding) 56 g day−1 of peanuts. Glucose, fat oxidation, and body fatness and lean mass were the main outcomes. Body weight and composition did not differ between groups. However, within group total body fat (kg) reduced with CVP and HOP, with a significant decrease in body fat percentage in HOP. While total lean mass (kg) decreased in CT, total lean mass (%) increased in HOP. Truncal lean mass decreased in the CT. At baseline, HOP had greater postprandial fat oxidation than the CVP. After 4-weeks, fasting fat oxidation increased in CVP and HOP. Fat oxidation increased in CT and HOP during the 200 min after meal intake compared to the fasting condition. Regular peanut consumption, especially the high-oleic type, within a hypocaloric-diet increased fat oxidation and reduced body fatness in overweigh and obese men.