Microbiologia Agrícola

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/190

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    Tales from a genome heavily affected by RIP: unraveling Tc1/mariner and MITE transposable elements in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
    (Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-07-21) Ferst, Lara Mattana; Queiroz, Marisa Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4408827815801006
    The Colletotrichum genus comprises fungal pathogens that inflict severe diseases on a wide range of hosts, including economically important plants. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the causative agent of anthracnose in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), leading to significant production and quality losses in this essential legume crop. Transposable elements are mobile genetic units found across all life domains that play a significant role in genomic plasticity, which is particularly relevant for phytopathogenic fungi such as C. lindemuthianum. These elements are classified into two distinct classes based on their transposition mode: Class I transposons rely on an RNA intermediate to transpose, while Class II transposons transpose directly as DNA. Additionally, transposons can be divided as autonomous and non- autonomous elements, with the latter depending on other transposable elements for their mobility due to the absence of essential functional components. The Tc1/mariner is a widely distributed Class II transposon superfamily. Miniature- inverted repeat elements (MITEs) are non-autonomous elements derived from Class II elements like the Tc1/mariner family. Considering the crucial role of transposons in generating genetic variability, this study aimed to identify and characterize Tc1/mariner and MITE transposable elements within the genome of C. lindemuthianum, using an in-silico approach. A total of 615 sequences related to Tc1/mariner elements were identified, which represented 0.78% of the genome. Among them, 536 copies were considered degenerated due to nearly unrecognizable terminal inverted repeats. Only one family of complete elements was found, and a derived MITE family was identified. Both the parental and derived families displayed a strong tendency to be found inserted within gene promoter regions. Moreover, two other MITE families were characterized, but the elements that originated them could not be identified. The elements from both families were primarily located within transposon-enriched regions. All complete elements showed putative transposase ORFs interrupted with multiple stop codons, suggesting that there are no active Tc1/mariner elements in C. lindemuthianum. Our analysis revealed that these elements were heavily affected by repeat-induced point mutations (RIP). Furthermore, we identified copies of both methyltransferases involved in RIP, which further supports that this mechanism or a RIP-like mechanism is active in C. lindemuthianum. The insights gained from this study contribute to a better understanding of the Tc1/mariner and MITE landscape as well as defense mechanisms against transposon proliferation of C. lindemuthianum, providing a foundation for further investigations into the genetic variability and transposable element exaptation of this economically important plant pathogen. Keywords: Class II transposons. Non-autonomous transposons. Repetitive DNA. Genome defense.