Navegando por Autor "Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do"

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Cotton resistance to ramulose and variability of Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides
(Summa Phytopathologica, 2006-01) Nascimento, Jefferson Fernandes do; Zambolim, Laércio; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do; Berger, Paulo Geraldo; Cecon, Paulo Roberto
Four cultivars and 21 lines of cotton were evaluated for resistance to ramulose (Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides) in a field where the disease is endemic. The seeds of each genotype were planted in 5 x 5 m plots with three replications. The lines CNPA 94-101 and 'CNPA Precoce 2'were used as standard susceptible and resistant references, respectively. The disease incidence (DI) was calculated from the proportion of diseased plants in the plot. The disease index (DIn) was calculated from the disease severity using a 1 to 9 scale, and was evaluated at weekly intervals starting 107 days after emergence. The data collected was used to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). In general, the DIn increased linearly with time and varied from 20.0 to 57.1 and AUDPC from 567 to 1627 among the genotypes which could be clustered in to two distinct groups. The susceptible group contained two cultivars and nine lines and the resistant group contained one cultivar and 12 lines. The relationship between disease index and evaluation times was linear for the 25 genotypes tested. The line CNPA 94-101, used as susceptible standard, was the most susceptible with an average DI = 83.4, DIn = 57.1 and AUDPC = 1627.7. The line CNPA 96-08 with DI = 37.8, DIn = 20.0 and AUDPC = 567.7 was the most resistant one. Among the commercial cultivars 'IAC 22' was the most susceptible and 'CNPA Precoce 2', used as resistant standard was the most resistant. The variability in virulence of the pathogen was studied by spray inoculating nine genotypes with conidial suspensions (105/mL) of either of the 10 isolates. The disease severity was evaluated 30 days later using a scale of 1 to 5. The virulence of the isolate was expressed by DIn. All the isolates were highly virulent but their virulence avaried for several genotypes and could be clustered in two distinct groups of less and more virulent isolates. The isolate MTRM 14 from Mato Grosso was the least virulent while Minas Gerais was the most virulent, with DIn of 6.36 and 46.47, respectively. In this experiment the line HR 102 and the cultivar 'Antares' were the most resistant ones with DIns of 18.32 and 19.14, respectively.
Favorabilidade ao desenvolvimento da ferrugem asiática da soja no estado de Minas Gerais
(Engenharia na Agricultura, 2009-03-20) Lelis, Vicente de Paula; Costa, Luiz Cláudio; Sediyama, Gilberto Chohaku; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do
A ferrugem asiática da soja, altamente agressiva, provoca principalmente a desfolha precoce nas plantas, que impede a completa formação dos grãos e, conseqüentemente, compromete a produtividade. O nível de dano que a doença ocasiona depende de alguns fatores: do momento e das condições climáticas em que ela incide na lavoura, da resistência ou tolerância da cultura e do seu ciclo. A partir de dados de quatorze estações meteorológicas da plataforma de coleta do CPTEC, identificaram-se as condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da ferrugem no Estado de Minas Gerais, nos anos de 2005 e 2006. Nesse processo utilizaram-se dois modelos. No primeiro, considerou-se o número de horas com a umidade relativa maior ou igual a 90% e, no segundo, a depressão do ponto de orvalho menor que 2 oC. Em ambos, considerou-se a faixa de temperatura de 18 oC a 25 oC ideal ao desenvolvimento do fungo causador da ferrugem. Os resultados mostraram que os meses de julho e agosto têm as piores condições ao desenvolvimento do fungo, enquanto no período de outubro a abril ele tem a melhor condição, em quase todo o estado, para se desenvolver.
O manejo da pinta-preta do tomateiro em épocas de temperaturas baixas
(Summa Phytopathologica, 2006-05-03) Salustiano, Maria Eloísa; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do; Zambolim, Laércio; Fontes, Paulo César Rezende
O desempenho do cultivar de tomate Santa Clara e do híbrido Débora Plus em relação ao desenvolvimento da pinta-preta (Alternaria solani) em plantios de verão e outono sob dois sistemas de condução foi verificado em dois experimentos conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Temperaturas baixas, ou escassez de chuva e, ou, curtas durações dos períodos de molhamento foliares propiciaram baixa incidência da pinta-preta e conseqüentemente os sistemas de condução tradicional e tutorado vertical não influíram na severidade nos dois ensaios. O cultivar Santa Clara apresentou maiores valores de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) em relação ao híbrido Débora Plus. A aplicação do clorotalonil no aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas associado aos fatores climáticos atrasou o desenvolvimento da doença em 30 dias nas estações de verão-outono e outono-inverno com reduções da severidade da pinta-preta de 22% e 18% dos valores de AACPD nos dois ensaios, respectivamente.
Severidade da podridão-radicular de Rhizoctonia do feijoeiro influenciada pela calagem, e pelas fontes e doses de nitrogênio
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2002-09) Rodrigues, Fabrício de Ávila; Carvalho, Enia Mara; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do
Avaliou-se o efeito da calagem e de doses e fontes de N na severidade da podridão-radicular de Rhizoctonia (PRR) em feijoeiro em condições controladas. No primeiro ensaio, utilizaram-se as doses de 0, 1,75, 2,25, 2,75, 3,25 e 3,75 g de calcário dolomítico por quilograma de solo. No segundo ensaio, os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 2x6, ou seja: duas fontes de N (sulfato de amônio e nitrato de sódio) e seis doses de N (0, 11, 16, 21, 26 e 31 mg kg-1 de solo). A acidez do material de solo usado no segundo ensaio foi corrigida com 1,75 g de calcário por quilograma de solo. Foram colocados 16 g de grãos de arroz infestados por R. solani em cada vaso com 1 kg de material de solo. Utilizou-se, em ambos os ensaios, o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A severidade da PRR foi avaliada 25 dias após a emergência das plantas, atribuindo-se nota para cada planta de acordo com o tamanho das lesões formadas no hipocótilo. Os dados obtidos foram usados para calcular o índice de doença (ID, %). Foram obtidas equações lineares significativas que permitiram descrever as relações entre a calagem e fontes de N com a severidade da PRR. Houve um acréscimo de 32% no ID, em virtude das doses crescentes de calcário. Após a calagem, a aplicação de sulfato de amônio reduziu em 22% o ID, enquanto o nitrato de sódio o aumentou em 18%, com relação ao controle.
Silicon and manganese on rice resistance to blast
(Bragantia, 2012-05-14) Cacique, Isaías Severino; Domiciano, Gisele Pereira; Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do
Blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, is the most important fungal disease of rice. The effect of silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn), and their interaction, on rice resistance to blast was investigated. Rice plants (cultivar "Metica 1") were grown in hydroponic solution with 0 or 2 mmol L-1 of Si and with 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mmol L-1 of Mn. Sixty-day-old plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension of P. oryzae and the incubation period (IP), the number of lesions (NL) per cm2 of leaf area, the lesion size (LS), and blast severity were evaluated. Blast severity was scored at 48, 72, 96, and 144 hours after inoculation and data were used to obtain the area under blast progress curve (AUBPC). Silicon concentration was significantly higher in leaf tissues of plants supplied with this element than on its absence, regardless of Mn rates. There was no significant difference in Si concentration among the Mn rates for both - Si and +Si treatments. The Mn concentration was significantly higher in the tissues of plants from the - Si treatment as compared to plants of the +Si treatment, but only at the rate of 10 mmol L-1 of Mn. There was a significant increase in Mn concentration as the rates of this micronutrient increased from 0.5 to 10 mmol L-1 regardless of the Si treatments. The IP significantly increased in the +Si treatment. The Mn rates had no effect on the IP regardless of the Si treatments. The NL was significantly lower in the presence of Si regardless of the Mn rates. The Mn rates had no effect on NL regardless of the Si treatments. The addition of Si to the nutrient solution significantly reduced both LS and AUBPC regardless of Mn rates. However, in the absence of Si, the values for LS and AUBPC were significantly lower at the Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1 as compared to the rate of 0.5 µmol L-1. Overall, the results from this study showed the potential of Si to decrease blast development on rice regardless of the foliar concentration of Mn.
Utilization of the cropgro-soybean model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian rust in cultivars with different cycle
(Bragantia, 2012-06-05) Rodrigues, Rafael de Ávila; Pedrini, João Eduardo; Fraisse, Clyde William; Fernandes, José Maurício Cunha; Justino, Flávio Barbosa; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Costa, Luiz Cláudio; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do
In recent years, crop models have increasingly been used to simulate agricultural features. The DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) is an important tool in modeling growth; however, one of its limitations is related to the unaccounted-for effect of diseases. Therefore, the goals of this study were to calibrate and validate the CSM CROPGRO-Soybean for the soybean cultivars M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), analyze the performance and the effect of Asian soybean rust on these cultivars under the environmental conditions of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental data for the evaluation, testing, and adjustment of the genetic coefficients for the cultivars, M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), were obtained during the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2009/2010 growing seasons. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) was used for the estimation of the genetic coefficients, and pedotransfer functions have been utilized to estimate the physical characteristics of the soil. For all of the sowing dates, the early season cultivar, M-SOY 6101, exhibited a lower variance in yield, which represents more stability with regard to the interannual climate variability, i.e., the farmers who use this cultivar will have in 50% of the crop years analyzed, a higher yield than a late-season cultivar. The MG/BR 46 (Conquista) cultivar demonstrated a greater probability of obtaining higher yield in years with favorable weather conditions. However, in the presence of the Asian soybean rust, yield is heavily affected. The early cultivar, M-SOY 6101, showed a lower risk of being affected by the rust and consequently exhibited less yield loss considering the scenario D90 (condensation on the leaf surface occurs when the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90%), for a sowing date of November 14.
White mold intensity on common bean in response to plant density, irrigation frequency, grass mulching, Trichoderma spp., and fungicide
(Summa Phytopathologica, 2009-01) Rocha, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro; Bernardes, Alessandra; Carneiro, José Eustáquio Souza; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do; Zambolim, Laércio; Paula Júnior, Trazilbo José de; Vieira, Rogério Faria; Costa, Édio Luis
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of integrated managements on white mold control on common bean. Initially, in vitro testing was made to assess the antagonism of 11 Trichoderma isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to investigate fungicides (fluazinam and procymidone) inhibitory effects on those fungi. In two field experiments the following combinations were tested: irrigation frequencies (seven or 14 days), plant densities (six or 12 plants per meter), and three disease controls (untreated control, fungicide or Trichoderma spp.). In a third experiment plant densities were replaced by grass mulching treatments (with or without mulching). Fluazinam was applied at 45 and 55 days after emergence (DAE). The antagonists T. harzianum (experiments 1 and 3) and T. stromatica (experiment 2) were applied through sprinkler irrigation at 10 and 25 DAE, respectively. Most of the Trichoderma spp. were effective against the pathogen in vitro. Fluazinam was more toxic than procymidone to both the pathogen and the antagonist. Fungicide applications increased yield between 32 % and 41 %. In field one application of Trichoderma spp. did not reduce disease intensity and did not increase yield. The reduction from 12 to six plants per meter did not decrease yield, and disease severity diminished in one of the two experiments. It is concluded that of the strategies for white mold control just reduction of plant density and applications of fungicide were efficient.