Navegando por Autor "Novais, Sarah Vieira"

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Desgaste dos extratores Mehlich-1 e Fosfato Monocálcico e fatores que controlam a solubilização do fosfato de Bayóvar
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014-07-07) Novais, Sarah Vieira; Vergütz, Leonardus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1282294478259902; Mattiello, Edson Marcio; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4762958P3; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7617295758517365; Assis, Igor Rodrigues de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4778546P9; Leite, Roberto de Aquino; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785893P8
A baixa disponibilidade de fósforo (P) em solos tropicais o torna um dos nutrientes para as plantas mais pesquisados no mundo. A adubação com P é prática essencial para a obtenção de produtividades economicamente satisfatórias e a avaliação de sua disponibilidade ao longo dos anos tem sido imprescindível para o manejo desse nutriente nos sistemas agrícolas. Assim, para este trabalho, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um (experimento I) com o objetivo de avaliar o desgaste do extrator Mehlich-1 (M-1), utilizado em análises de rotina do P disponível de solos, e a consequente alteração dos níveis críticos deste nutriente atualmente utilizado. Comparativamente, foi conduzido um estudo semelhante com o enxofre (S) disponível, com o mesmo objetivo, utilizando as mesmas amostras de solos. Vinte amostras de solos foram escolhidas de modo a cobrir a faixa de amplitude do P remanescente (P-rem), de 0 a 60 mg L-1 de P, como uma medida do Poder Tampão de Fosfato (PTF) do solo. Nas determinações de rotina de P e de S, foram utilizados os extratores M-1 e fosfato monocálcico em ácido acético (FMCa), respectivamente, segundo protocolos adotados no Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. A variação do pH dos dois extratores, de SO42- do M-1 e de H2PO4- do FMCa, foram determinados no extrato solo-extrator após um período de repouso de 16 h. O desgaste da acidez (aumento dos valores de pH) ocorreu com o aumento do PTF (diminuição do P-rem), embora pouco expressiva, mas significativa. Por outro lado, houve o desgaste do SO42- do M-1 com o aumento do PTF, segundo um modelo linear-plateau. Este fato indica a necessidade de adoção de um modelo igualmente descontínuo para a interpretação do P-disponível de solos com diferentes valores de P-rem ou de PTF. Por outro, lado o desgaste do extrator de S foi contínuo, linear, com a diminuição do P-rem ou aumento do PTF, o que mostra ser correta a relação entre S disponível e PTF, atualmente adotada. Para o experimento II, amostras do fosfato natural reativo de bayóvar (FN), em uma suspensão aquosa, foram colocadas em um compartimento de diálise (Slide-A-Lyzer G2 Dialysis Cassette) e este em um becker de 200 mL com 150 mL de uma suspensão aquosa com os drenos de P e, ou, de Ca: resina aniônica (RA), resina catiônica (RC), resina mista (RM), goethita (Goe), Goe+RA, Goe+RC e um tratamento controle (FN natural apenas), com todos estes tratamentos com os valores de pH ajustados em 4,5 ou 6,0, em cinco repetições. Esses tratamentos foram agitados por 12 h diárias, durante 18 dias, em agitador horizontal a 130 opm e não mais até completar 30 dias de equilíbrio, devido a deterioração mecânica (rompimento) das membranas. Foram determinados P-solução, P- lábil, P-residual, e P-total (este como somatória das frações anteriores) de cada tratamento. A Goe, como dreno-P, causou a maior solubilização do FN, em comparação aos demais drenos, a pH 4,5, e aos demais drenos que não continham RA ou RC adicionalmente. De modo semelhante, a RA (dreno-P) causou solubilização semelhante à da RC (dreno Ca), indicando ser o dreno-P tão efetivo na solubilização do FN quanto o dreno- Ca. As presenças das RA e RC inibiram fortemente a ação da Goe, a pH 4,5, como agente solubilizador do FN. A maior solubilização causada, de modo geral, pela Goe causou os menores teores de P-lábil. O efeito da maior acidez solubilizando o FN mostrou-se, de modo geral, menos efetivo que os drenos individualmente ou combinados.
Layered double hydroxides: matrices for storage and source of boron for plant growth
(Clay Minerals, 2018-03) Castro, Gustavo Franco de; Ferreira, Jader Alves; Eulálio, Denise; Souza, Silas Junior de; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Pinto, Frederico Garcia; Tronto, Jairo
The increase of the absorption efficiency of boron (B) by plants is essential for increasing crop productivity. The intercalation of B in MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is an alternative to evaluating how these materials can provide B to plants. In this work, a MgAl LDH intercalated with borate ions (Mg2Al-B-LDH) was synthesized by the constant pH coprecipitation method, and the material produced was evaluated as a matrix for storage and as a source of B for plants. The Mg2Al-B-LDH was characterized by XRD, ATR-FTIR, TGA-DTA, specific surface area, pore size and volume, and SEM. A bioassay was performed to verify the supply of B to plants from the two sources in the forms of H3BO3 and of Mg2Al-B-LDH to sunflower plants grown in pots. The LDH basal spacing value of 12.0 Å is characteristic of intercalation of tetraborate octahydrate ions [B4O5(OH)42−]·8H2O between the layers. There was an increase in the dry matter (DM) and B content of the plants relative to those treatments where no B was added. The lack of statistical difference for plant yield between the two sources of B suggests a lack of stability of the Mg2Al-B-LDH structure under the acidic condition of the soil.
Loss of extraction capacity of mehlich-1 and monocalcium phosphate as a variable of remaining p and its relationship to critical levels of soil phosphorus and sulfur
(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2015-03-25) Mattiello, Edson Marcio; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Vergutz, Leonardus; Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo; Freitas, Írio Fernando de; Novais, Roberto Ferreira
The Mehlich-1 (M-1) extractant and Monocalcium Phosphate in acetic acid (MCPa) have mechanisms for extraction of available P and S in acidity and in ligand exchange, whether of the sulfate of the extractant by the phosphate of the soil, or of the phosphate of the extractant by the sulfate of the soil. In clayey soils, with greater P adsorption capacity, or lower remaining P (Rem-P) value, which corresponds to soils with greater Phosphate Buffer Capacity (PBC), more buffered for acidity, the initially low pH of the extractants increases over their time of contact with the soil in the direction of the pH of the soil; and the sulfate of the M-1 or the phosphate of the MCPa is adsorbed by adsorption sites occupied by these anions or not. This situation makes the extractant lose its extraction capacity, a phenomenon known as loss of extraction capacity or consumption of the extractant, the object of this study. Twenty soil samples were chosen so as to cover the range of Rem-P (0 to 60 mg L^-1). Rem-P was used as a measure of the PBC. The P and S contents available from the soil samples through M-1 and MCPa, and the contents of other nutrients and of organic matter were determined. For determination of loss of extraction capacity, after the rest period, the pH and the P and S contents were measured in both the extracts-soils. Although significant, the loss of extraction capacity of the acidity of the M-1 and MCPa extractants with reduction in the Rem-P value did not have a very expressive effect. A “linear plateau” model was observed for the M-1 for discontinuous loss of extraction capacity of the P content in accordance with reduction in the concentration of the Rem-P or increase in the PBC, suggesting that a discontinuous model should also be adopted for interpretation of available P of soils with different Rem-P values. In contrast, a continuous linear response was observed between the P variables in the extract-soil and Rem-P for the MCPa extractor, which shows increasing loss of extraction capacity of this extractor with an increase in the PBC of the soil, indicating the validity of the linear relationship between the available S of the soil and the PBC, estimated by Rem-P, as currently adopted.
Phosphorus extracted by ion exchange resins and mehlich-1 from oxisols (latosols) treated with different phosphorus rates and sources for varied soil-source contact periods
(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-03-06) Freitas, Irio Fernando de; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque; Novais, Sarah Vieira
Despite the large number of studies addressing the quantification of phosphorus (P) availability by different extraction methods, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this paper was to compare the effectiveness of the extractors Mehlich-1, Anionic Resin (AR) and Mixed Resin (MR), to determine the availability of P under different experimental conditions. The laboratory study was arranged in randomized blocks in a [(3 x 3 x 2) + 3] x 4 factorial design, with four replications, testing the response of three soils with different texture: a very clayey Red Latosol (LV), a sandy clay loam Red Yellow Latosol (LVA), and a sandy loam Yellow Latosol (LA), to three sources (triple superphosphate, reactive phosphate rock from Gafsa-Tunisia; and natural phosphate from Araxá-Minas Gerais) at two P rates (75 and 150 mg dm-3), plus three control treatments (each soil without P application) after four contact periods (15, 30, 60, and 120 days) of the P sources with soil. The soil acidity of LV and LVA was adjusted by raising base saturation to 60 % with the application of CaCO3 and MgCO3 at a 4:1 molar ratio (LA required no correction). These samples were maintained at field moisture capacity for 30 days. After the contact periods, the samples were collected to quantify the available P concentrations by the three extractants. In general, all three indicated that the available P-content in soils was reduced after longer contact periods with the P sources. Of the three sources, this reduction was most pronounced for triple superphosphate, intermediate for reactive phosphate, while Araxá phosphate was least sensitive to the effect of time. It was observed that AR extracted lower P levels from all three soils when the sources were phosphate rocks, while MR extracted values close to Mehlich-1 in LV (clay) and LVA (medium texture) for reactive phosphate. For Araxá phosphate, much higher P values were determined by Mehlich-1 than by the resins, because of the acidity of the extractor. For triple superphosphate, both resins extracted higher P levels than Mehlich-1, due to the consumption of this extractor, particularly when used for LV and LVA.
Phosphorus-zinc interaction and iron and manganese uptake in the growth and nutrition of Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)
(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2016-06-10) Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque; Zenero, Mariana Delgado Oliveira
Visual symptoms of Zn deficiency, induced by excessive P applications, have been observed in commercial orchid nurseries. The supply of other metallic micronutrients, such as Fe and Mn, may also be inadequate in the plant due to high application rates of P. The aim of this study was to investigate this interaction in the nutrition of Phalaenopsis plants. Experimental treatments consisted of three P rates (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 g L^-1) and three Zn rates (0.00, 0.35, and 0.70 g L^-1), as well as fertilization with other basic nutrients, and a control treatment with the fertilizer B&G Orchidée(r), at 1.0 g L^-1. Dry matter production was evaluated, as well as the levels of P, Zn, Fe, and Mn in both shoots and roots. Higher P rates induced higher shoot dry matter production. However, symptoms of Zn deficiency were observed in plants treated with the highest P rate in the absence of Zn. With increasing P rates, Zn concentrations in the shoots decreased more markedly than in roots, with accumulation of the element in the roots, indicating low Zn translocation to the shoot. A much higher Mn content in shoots (661 mg kg^-1) than in roots (75 mg kg^-1) suggested that the species is highly tolerant to this micronutrient. The Fe concentrations in the plant were much higher than those indicated in the literature as critical levels for this genus.
Physiological responses to hypoxia and Manganese in Eucalyptus clones with differential tolerance to Vale do Rio Doce shoot dieback
(Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2018-02-01) Harguindeguy, Ignácio; Castro, Gustavo Franco de; Novais, Sarah Vieira; Vergutz, Leonardus; Araujo, Wagner Luiz; Novais, Roberto Ferreira
Vale do Rio Doce shoot dieback (VRDSD) is an anomaly whose cause seems to be associated with hypoxic conditions and their consequences (excess Mn and Fe) triggered by elevation of the water table in areas with poor drainage. Different plants have distinct survival strategies under this form of stress. The objective of this study was to understand the physiological responses involved in the differential tolerance of eucalyptus clones to VRDSD and their relationship to hypoxia and excess Mn. A hydroponic experiment was carried out using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, two eucalyptus clones with different levels of tolerance to VRDSD (sensitive Urograndis hybrid - 1213; and the tolerant Rio Claro hybrid - Eucalyptus grandis x unknown - 2719), two concentrations of O2 (8 and 4 mg L-1), and two Mn concentrations (1.39 and 300 mg L-1) in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates. Forty-day-old clones were maintained in Clark nutrient solution for 30 days. After this period, the treatments were applied for 11 days. Plant gaseous exchange shoot and root production, and the quantity of enzymes related to oxidative stress in leaves and roots were evaluated. In the tolerant clone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced under hypoxic conditions, accompanied by reduction in production of dry matter, malondialdehyde (MDA), and in activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). However, this clone had greater production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under these conditions, an enzyme responsible for detoxification of ROS, which acts as part of the Low Oxygen Quiescence Syndrome (LOQS). In contrast, sensitive clones did not exhibit expressive reductions in growth or changes in the leaf/root ratio. These clones formed large quantities of adventitious roots and had high levels of MDA and ADH and low levels of SOD. Therefore, sensitive clones appear not to be prepared for detoxification of ROS and other toxic metabolites, but rather adopt morphological escape mechanisms, the Low Oxygen Escape Syndrome (LOES), in response to hypoxia. Thus, the period of soil waterlogging may cause the death of large numbers of roots in sensitive clones, limiting their ability to absorb water and nutrients and culminating in the death of these plants. Excess Mn seems to aggravate the damage caused by hypoxia, but it is not the causal agent of VRDSD.