Navegando por Autor "Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira"

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Contribution of cytogenetics to the debate on the Paraphyly of Pachycondyla spp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae)
(Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2011-07-29) Pompolo, Silvia das Graças; Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira; Silva, Janisete Gomes; Gomes, Janisete
We present evidence of the paraphyly of the ant genus Pachycondyla resulting from our cytogenetic studies on 29 populations in 18 species from Brazil and French Guyana. It is likely that karyotypes with a large number of chromosomes and comprising mostly small acrocentric chromosomes in species within the Pachycondyla stricto sensu group resulted from a succession of centric fission events. On the other hand, karyotypes with a small chromosome number comprising mostly metacentric chromosomes are also interpreted as little derived and tend to undergo centric fission. The karyotypes of the group Neoponera are more heterogeneous and probably undergo successive cycles of rearrangements tending to increase the chromosome number by centric fission. The apicalis and verenae complexes form two probable sister groups that evolved independently due to centric fissions (verenae) and pericentric inversions (apicalis). Our results reveal the karyotype diversity in the genus and reinforce the hypothesis on the paraphyly of Pachycondyla.
Cytogenetic data on six leafcutter ants of the genus Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): insights into chromosome evolution and taxonomic implications
(Comparative Cytogenetics, 2016-05-11) Barros, Luísa Antônia Campos; Aguiar, Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso de; Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira; Andrade-Souza, Vanderly; Costa, Marco Antonio; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Pompolo, Silvia das Graças
Cytogenetic data for the genus Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 are available, to date, for a few species from Brazil and Uruguay, which have uniform chromosome numbers (2n = 38). The recent cytogenetic data of Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863), including its banding patterns, showed a distinct karyotype (2n = 22), similar to earlier studied Atta Fabricius, 1804 species. Karyological data are still scarce for the leafcutter ants and many gaps are still present for a proper understanding of this group. Therefore, this study aimed at increasing cytogenetic knowledge of the genus through the characterization of other six species: Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890), Acromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, 1804, Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr, 1887), Acromyrmex echinatior (Forel, 1899), Acromyrmex niger (Smith, 1858) and Acromyrmex rugosus (Smith, 1858), all of which were collected in Minas Gerais – Brazil, except for Acromyrmex echinatior which was collected in Barro Colorado – Panama. The number and morphology of the chromosomes were studied and the following banding techniques were applied: C-banding, fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI, as well as the detection of 45S rDNA using FISH technique. All the six species had the same chromosome number observed for already studied species, i.e. 2n = 38. Acromyrmex balzani had a different karyotype compared with other species mainly due to the first metacentric pair. The heterochromatin distribution also showed interspecific variation. Nevertheless, all the studied species had a pair of bands in the short arm of the first subtelocentric pair. The fluorochrome CMA3 visualized bands in the short arm of the first subtelocentric pair for all the six species, while Acromyrmex rugosus and Acromyrmex niger also demonstrated in the other chromosomes. The AT-rich regions with differential staining using DAPI were not observed. 45S ribosomal genes were identified by FISH in the short arm of the first subtelocentric pair in Acromyrmex coronatus, Acromyrmex disciger and Acromyrmex niger. The uniform chromosome number in the genus Acromyrmex (2n = 38) suggests that Acromyrmex striatus (2n = 22) should be transferred to a new genus. Other aspects of the chromosome evolution in ants are also discussed.
Cytogenetic data on the threatened leafcutter ant Atta robusta Borgmeier, 1939 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini)
(Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2015-08-24) Barros, Luı́sa Antônia Campos; Aguiar, Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso de; Teixeira, Gisele Amaro; Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira; Teixeira, Marcos da Cunha; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Pompolo, Silvia das Graças
The karyotype of the threatened ant species Atta robusta is described so as to establish the evolutionary relationships of this taxon with other leafcutter ants. Standard Giemsa staining, C-banding, NOR banding, fluorochromes CMA3/DAPI, Hsc-FA technique and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) using 18S rDNA probe were conducted on a population from Aracruz, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, allowing for comparisons with data available on Atta and other fungus-growing ant species. The diploid chromosome number observed for A. robusta was 2n = 22, and the karyotypic formula was 18m + 2sm + 2st. Heterochromatic blocks were observed in the centromeric region of most chromosomes, where one pair of metacentric chromosomes is characterized by a GC-rich heterochromatic band in the interstitial region of its long arm. The detection of 18S rDNA using FISH confirmed the presence of single NOR for A. robusta. This is the first report of rDNA 18S detection using FISH for leafcutter ants. The cytogenetic results of this study confirm the information available for Atta and allow us to confirm the conserved chromosome number, morphology and banding pattern within the genus for the taxa studied to date, which included species from three out of the four groups of Atta indicated by molecular data. The accumulation of cytogenetic data on fungus-growing ants enhances the understanding of the genomic evolutionary patterns of Atta, since it belongs to a group of recent origin between the most well studied ants. Cytogenetic data does not indicate restrictions in relocation or reintroduction in areas where populations were extinct due to the conserved karyotype. This study allows for cytogenetic comparison of A. robusta with other ants of Atta, emphasizing the importance of chromosomal information for species conservation.
Cytogenetic studies on populations of Camponotus rufipes (Fabricius, 1775) and Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 (Formicidae: Formicinae)
(PLoS One, 2017-05-16) Aguiar, Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso de; Barros, Luísa Antônia Campos; Alves, Danúbia Rodrigues; Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Pompolo, Silvia das Graças
Two valid ant species, Camponotus rufipes and Camponotus renggeri, have recently been the subject of a broad discussion with reference to taxa synonymization. Both species are quite common among the Neotropical myrmecofauna and share some unique traits, such as the shape of the scape and the pilosity patterns of the tibiae and scapes. A single morphological trait can help distinguish these species; however, only a combination of different approaches can enlighten our view of the complex phylogenetic relationships prevailing in the different populations of these two taxa. Therefore, focusing on the taxonomic issues concerning these two species, a cytogenetic survey including 10 populations of C. rufipes and two populations of C. renggeri was performed. In order to better understand the extent of the relationship between C. rufipes and C. renggeri, two common Neotropical Camponotus species, C. atriceps and C. cingulatus were taken as outgroups. All four species of Camponotus that were studied had 2n = 40 chromosomes (4sm+34st+2t); however, the abundance of chromosome rearrangements observed, combined with several chromosome markers, suggest that C. rufipes and C. renggeri are two good distinct species although closely related. The already reported chromosome translocation 2n = 39 (1m+4sm+32st +2t) for C. rufipes has been found in different populations as in the unprecedented chromosome inversions found both in C. rufipes and in C. renggeri populations. Within the C. renggeri chromosome inversions, both the heterozygous state 2n = 40 (1m+3sm+34st+2t) and the homozygous state, 2n = 40 (2m+2sm+34st+2t) were identified. However, only het- erozygous specimens for chromosome inversions were found among C. rufipes, with karyotype configurations distinct from those found in C. renggeri, with 2n = 40 (1m+4sm+34st +2t). None of the populations studied showed signs of mosaic individuals. With respect to rDNA clusters, the 18S rDNA seemed to be more restricted inside the genome, as C. renggeri showed four 18S rDNA clusters, whereas, C. rufipes, C. atriceps, and C. cingulatus showed only two clusters. The chromosome locations of the 5S rDNA clusters were pointed for the first time in Formicidae, and showed itself to be more widely spread over the genome. By combining different chromosome banding approaches it was possible to demonstrate the crucial importance that chromosome inversions played on the karyotype evolution within these ants. The results also showed that chromosome translocations might be a consequence of the chromatin dynamic condition observed among Camponotus species. The homozygosis condition found in a C. renggeri from a Brazilian savanna population for chromosome inversions and the contrasting heterozygous condition for a different kind of chromosome inversion in C. rufipes from the Brazilian coastal rainforest, opens the window for a chromosome race hypothesis within the group C. renggeri and C. rufipes. The wide distribution, rich ecological interactions, genetic diversity, and morphological variability among C. renggeri and C. rufipes justify questioning of the actual taxonomic status of these species. The answer of this puzzle is clear when observing the number of 18S rDNA clusters of these ants, as C. rufipes has only two clusters whereas C. renggeri has four.
Evolução cariotípica em diferentes grupos de Formicidae
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2004-02-17) Mariano, Cléa dos Santos Ferreira; Pompolo, Silvia das Graças; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5858046785537069
Com o objetivo de avaliar a contribuição dos cromossomos no conhecimento dos processos evolutivos em Formicidae, foram realizados estudos citogenéticos em diferentes espécies neotropicais e analisadas informações relativas a citotaxonomia, evolução do cariótipo e padrões de especiação de formigas, focalizando as relações que existem entre a citogenética e a biogeografia. Ênfase foi dada em grupos pertencentes às subfamílias Formicinae (gênero Camponotus) e Ponerinae (gêneros Typhlomyrmex e Pachycondyla). Os resultados contribuíram para uma análise global (focalizando evolução e citogenética), sucessivamente, dos referidos gêneros, da tribo Ponerini, de diversas subfamílias e da família Formicidae no seu conjunto. As espécies dos gêneros Typhlomyrmex e Pachycondyla foram coletadas nos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais e São Paulo no Brasil, e em duas localidades na Guiana Francesa. A técnica empregada de coloração convencional proporcionou a caracterização numérica e morfológica dos cariótipos, que variaram de 2n=12-100. Foram analisadas, entre outros caracteres, a variação de número máximo e mínimo de cromossomos/gênero, as relações entre o número de cromossomos metacêntricos (M) e acrocêntricos (A) e a direção da evolução cariotípica. No gênero Camponotus, a evolução do cariótipo segue dois tipos de ciclos de rearranjos cromossômicos: ciclo de inversão-fusão e ciclo de fissão-inversão. A variação cariotípica encontrada em diferentes populações de Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi sugere a ocorrência de um modelo clinal, seguindo portanto um padrão biogeográfico clássico normalmente utilizado para descrever variações em caracteres morfológicos ou de coloração. Dentro dos agrupamentos propostos para as espécies de Pachycondyla, o grupo Pachycondyla (Pachycondyla) tem as espécies com os mais elevados números cromossômicos, com cromossomos bem pequenos, e na sua maioria, acrocêntricos. As espécies-irmãs Pachycondyla crenata e P. mesonotalis devem ter sofrido um processo de especiação no qual a alteração morfológica não acompanhou a alteração cariotípica, com cariótipos divergindo apenas na morfologia de um par de cromossomos, e onde a especiação traduz certamente uma adaptação divergente de nicho ecológico. Por isso, ambas são freqüentemente observadas em simpatria hoje. Esses resultados permitiram propor uma nova hipótese para a evolução do cariótipo em Formicidae baseando-se em conceitos da biogeografia e nas particularidades biológicas desta família de insetos sociais, onde o ponto central é a discussão da importância da estrutura cromossômica do genoma no processo de diferenciação dos taxa em diversas situações nesta família. Com relação à evolução cariotípica da família Formicidae concordamos com a teoria proposta por Imai e colaboradores de que seja muito provável que o cariótipo ancestral dos formicídeos seja composto por um número baixo de cromossomos. Durante o processo evolutivo, este cariótipo sofreu diferentes tipos de ciclos de rearranjos, dos quais as fissões cêntricas e as inversões pericêntricas foram os mais freqüentes. A evolução cariotípica não apresenta um único padrão para todas as subfamílias. Há gêneros com espécies que apresentam cariótipos uniformes e outros muito diversos cariotipicamente. O grau de diversidade cariotípica é mais elevado nas espécies das subfamílias consideradas filogeneticamente mais primitivas (Myrmeciinae e Ponerinae) e diminui nos grupos considerados mais derivados (Atta e Acromyrmex) e também naqueles que sofreram ampla radiação (Camponotus e Pheidole). Entre as Ponerinae, existe certamente um número maior do que se imaginava de espécies crípticas de Pachycondyla que se encontram com freqüência em simpatria. Alterações cromossômicas têm importância nos processos de especiação, atuando como um mecanismo de isolamento reprodutivo ou quando os rearranjos, ao alterar a morfologia dos cromossomos e, conseqüentemente, a localização dos genes no genoma, alteram também sua expressão. Os estudos citogenéticos são de fundamental importância no entendimento dos processos evolutivos em formigas, em particular dos eventos que levam à diferenciação de novos taxa.