Navegando por Autor "Leite, Germano Leão Demolin"

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Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) feeding on Erythrina speciosa (Fabales: Fabaceae): First record of its host plant and damage characteristics
(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Zanuncio, Antonio José Vinha; Serrão, José Eduardo; Pereira, Alexandre Igor Azevedo; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Zanuncio, José Cola
Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabales: Fabaceae) has multiple uses due to its medicinal properties, potential for recovering degraded areas, and excellent landscape effect, but insects that use this plant are poorly known. This paper reports, for the first time, the occurrence of Aethalion reticulatum (L., 1758) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) on E. speciosa seedlings in nurseries at Sacra Família do Tinguá, Municipality of Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Egg clutches of A. reticulatum were observed at the apex and on the median region of these seedlings, covered by a grayish brown substance, visually distinguished from the greenish color of the E. speciosa stem. Damage to this plant was characterized by hypertrophy and cracks at the apex of E. speciosa seedlings. Control measures for A. reticulatum, based on studies on other hosts, are presented.
Architectural diversity and galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense trees
(Scientific Reports, 2017-11-20) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Veloso, Ronnie Von dos Santos; Zanuncio, José Cola; Azevedo, Alcinei Mistico; Silva, Júlia Letícia; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga
Galling insects are a highly sophisticated herbivore group on Caryocar brasiliense, a tree that represents the main income source for many communities. The effect of architectural diversity of C. brasiliense trees on galling insect community diversity and abundance was studied. The abundance of adult insects and galled leaves were seven and 1.6 times higher in trees with a greater height/width of canopy (RHW) ratio, respectively. Gall parasitoid richness was 1.8 times greater on trees with higher RHW. Zelus armillatus (Lepeletier & Serville) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and ant numbers were 5.8 and 2.7 higher on trees with the largest and smallest RHW, respectively. More complex plant architectures favored species diversity for galling insects and their natural enemies. The competition among four galling insect species for space and feeding and the evidence of “prudence strategy” were, for the first time, observed for galling insects in the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
Assessment of Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for biological control in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2012-11-02) Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Zanuncio, José Cola; Ferreira, Cleidson Soares; Rocha, Silma Leite; Sá, Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de
Cassava is the sixth most important crop in the world, and it is attacked by many pests, such as Erinnyis ello (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). This lepidopteran pest has natural enemies that can efficiently control its population, such as Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The objective of this research was to assess the flight capacity, parasitism and emergence of Trichogramma pretiosum, T. marandobai and T. demoraesi and to select the most efficient species among them for biological control programs. The flight capacity of these species was assessed in test units consisting of a plastic PVC cylinder with a rigid, transparent plastic circle on the upper portion of the cylinder and an extruded polystyrene disk to close the bottom of the cylinder. A tube was placed in each test unit containing a card with 300 Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs that had been parasitised by Trichogramma. These cards were later assessed to determine the parasitism rate and adult emergence of these natural enemies. Trichogramma pretiosum presented the highest flight capacity (68 ± 5%), parasitism (74 ± 2%) and percentage of adults emerged (91 ± 3%) in the laboratory, making this species suitable for mass rearing and release in biological control programs.
Bagging tomato fruits: a viable and economical method of preventing diseases and insect damage in organic production
(Florida Entomologist, 2014-03) Zanuncio, José Cola; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Fialho, Amanda; Reis Júnior, Ronaldo; Costa, Cândido Alves Da
Tomato borers, especially Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a pest introduced in southern Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East, and diseases can damage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. This study tested the economic and technical feasibility of bagging tomato fruits clusters during organic production to protect them against insects and diseases. The experiment was randomized complete block (5 blocks) and 5 treatments: bagging with organza fabric, tissue non-tissue (TNT) covering, a micro-perforated plastic, brown paper bags and no bagging (control). Four clusters were bagged/ plant at flowering, and evaluated for flower abortion, the total number of fruits set and the number of fruits damaged by insects or diseases during the sampling period. At harvest we evaluated fresh weight, size and color of the fruits and we determined their Brix degrees postharvest. Bagging of fruit with either organza fabric or TNT reduced insect borer damage by 99.7% and disease damage by 84.7%. Bagging fruit did not affect flower abortion, skin color and fruit fresh weight (average of 91.87g), but bagging either with organza or TNT delayed the harvest period by 3 days. About 350% more large fruits were produced either with TNT or organza fabric bags than in the non-bagged control. This difference represents about 30 tonnes/ha, which at an average price for organic tomatoes of US $5.15/kg, resulted in a net return of US $113,161/ha. Bagging of tomato fruit clusters with TNT or organza fabric may be an excellent option to reduce damage by insect borers and diseases for a significant economic gain. Additionally, these 2 bagging materials did not negatively affect the major qualitative and quantitative characteristics of tomato fruit.
Bemisia tabaci, Brevicoryne brassicae and Thrips tabaci abundance on Brassica oleracea var. acephala
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2005-03) Picanço, Marcelo; Moreira, Márcio Dionízio; Jham, Gulab Newandram; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin
Kale Brassica oleracea var. acephala is attacked by whitefly Bemisia tabaci, aphid Brevicoryne brassicae and Thrips tabaci. One of the main reasons for extensive insecticide application is the lack of information about factors that control insect population. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between predators and parasitoids, organic compound leaves, levels of leaf nitrogen and potassium, total rainfall, relative humidity, sunlight and median temperature on the abundance of whitefly, aphid, and thrips in kale genotype "Talo Roxo". The beating tray method, direct counting and magnifying lens were used to estimate the number of these pests, predators and parasitoids. Median temperature, sunlight and relative humidity correlated to the amount of leaf nonacosane, which in turn was associated with aphids population increase. A tendency in the reduction of aphids and thrips populations with increase in total rainfall was observed. The whitefly can be a harmful pest in kale producing regions of higher temperature and smaller rainfall. In regions which present moderate temperature, where there is a high incidence of aphids, genotype with low leaf wax content should be chosen. Natural enemies, especially the parasitoid Adialytus spp., can control agents of the aphids population in kale.
Caracterização química e mineralógica de seqüência de alteração de rochas metamórficas do quadrilátero ferrífero e do complexo gnáissico-migmatítico granítico
(Revista Ceres, 1996-06) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Muggler, Cristine Carole; Gonçalves, Claudia Maria; Roscoe, Renato
Sequências de alteração de cinco tipos de rochas metamórficas foram caracterizadas por meio de análises físicas, químicas e mineralógicas. As sequências foram coletadas no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, região de Ouro Preto, sobre mármore e itabirito e no Complexo Gnáissico migmatítico Granítico, região de Viçosa, sobre anfibolito, gnaisse e migmatito. As características dos materiais de solo e de regolito são fortemente influenciadas pelas características da rocha de origem e pelo grau de intemperismo do material. Exceção é feita ao mármore, cuja. Mineralogia predominantemente carbonatada faz com que os depósitos residuais assumam o caráter textural e mineralógico dos minerais acessórios. Além disso, o elevado pH do ambiente de intemperismo desta rocha favorece a formação de hematita, conferindo a estes solos cores mais vermelhas que 0s demais, mesmo que os teores de ferro da rocha de origem sejam menores. A mineralogia da fração argila dos solos se caracteriza pela presença de caulinita, óxidos de ferro '_. e pouca _gibbsita nos _ materiais mais intemperizados, e micas nos“ materiais menos intemperizados. Na fração areia, os minerais leves, destacando-se o quartzo, predominam amplamente nas sequências de gnaisse, núgnratito e antibolito, Na sequência de itabirito, predominam os minerais pesados e magnéticos identificados como magnetita e concreções ferruginosas.
Diversity of Hemiptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and their natural enemies on Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado
(Florida Entomologist, 2016) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Veloso, Ronnie Von dos Santos; Zanuncio, José Cola; Alonso, Jatnel; Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio Fiuza; Almeida, Chrystian Iezid Maia; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Serrão, José Eduardo
The Cerrado occupies about 23% of the Brazilian territory and is characterized by great diversity of plants and insects and a great degree of endemism, and Caryocar brasiliense A. St.-Hil. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) is widely distributed in this region. The diversity and abundance of hemipterans and their natural enemies were studied on trees of C. brasiliense in the Cerrado, pasture, and anthropic area in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We observed 1 rare, 8 common, and 1 frequent species of sucking insects; and 2 rare, 7 common, and 6 frequent species of natural enemies. Sucking insects and their natural enemies were most abundant in the pasture and least abundant in the Cerrado. Increasing diversity indices and numbers of species and individuals of sucking insects were followed by similar trends in the populations of natural enemies. Increasing populations of sucking insects led to greater numbers of individuals of ants, green lacewings, predator thrips, and ladybeetles. Aluminum level positively affected the number of species and individuals, and the pH of the soil reduced those of sucking insects. Leafhoppers had greater numbers on plants on soils with low pH values and high aluminum levels, but the opposite was noted for the aphids.
Do floral resources in Eucalyptus plantations affect fitness parameters of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)?
(Phytoparasitica, 2016-11-09) Zanuncio, José Cola; Camilo, Silma da Silva; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Santos, José Barbosa dos; Assis Júnior, Sebastião Lourenço de
Adult parasitoids depend on sugar-rich foods such as nectar and honeydew to meet their energy requirements. The availability of nectar, honeydew or fruit sap affects the longevity, fecundity and dispersal of parasitoids and consequently their potential as biocontrol agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and reproduction of an important parasitoid of Brazilian ecosystems, Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare and LaSalle 1993) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), fed with nectar from Eucalyptus flowers and flowering herbs. Males and females of this parasitoid were individualized in glass tubes, and their survival and longevity were evaluated in the following treatments: flowers of Bidens pilosa L. 1753, Emilia fosbergii Nicolson 1975, Galinsoga parviflora Cav. 1796, Sonchus oleraceus L. 1753, Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. 1780 (Asteraceae) and Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), a honey droplet or no food. In the second trial, six P. elaeisis females were placed into plastic pots containing one Tenebrio molitor L. 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) host pupa under the same treatments. Parasitism and emergence, the duration of the egg–adult period, the number of adults per pupa, the sex ratio, the width of the head capsule and the body length of P. elaeisis were evaluated. Food sources of honey or flowering herbs increased the survival, longevity, period of parasitism, percentage of parasitized pupae and number of progeny of P. elaeisis. Longevity and reproduction were seriously compromised in the absence of sugar feeding.
Efeito de tricomas, aleloquímicos e nutrientes na resistência de Lycopersicon hirsutum à traça-do-tomateiro
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 1999-11) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Picanço, Marcelo; Azevedo, Aristéa Alves; Gonring, Alfredo Henrique Rocha
Estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de tricomas, aleloquímicos e nutrientes nas folhas de partes do dossel das plantas na resistência de Lycopersicon hirsutum à traça- do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Foram quantificados os teores de 2-tridecanona (2-TD), 2-undecanona (2-UD), N, P, K, Ca e Mg, densidade e tipos de tricomas e tamanho das folhas nos terços apical, mediano e basal do dossel de plantas de L. hirsutum e de L. esculentum e estudaram- se os efeitos destes fatores sobre características biológicas de T. absoluta. Observou-se elevação no teor de 2-TD da base para o ápice do dossel. Não se detectou diferença significativa quanto ao número de ovos de T. absoluta ao longo do dossel de L. hirsutum, constatando-se em L. esculentum maior oviposição nos terços apical e mediano do que no basal. As folhas do terço apical de L. hirsutum apresentaram maior efeito deletério sobre as larvas de traça.
Effects of atrazine-based herbicide on emergence and sex ratio of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)
(Florida Entomologist, 2015-09) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Zanuncio, José Cola; Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Tuffi-Santos, Leonardo David; Spínola-Filho, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the herbicide atrazine, recommended for weed control in corn, on 10 species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera). A female of each trichogrammatid was placed individually in a test tube (nochoice) with a card containing approximately 45 Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. Parasitism by these trichogrammatids was allowed for 48 h, and the cards were sprayed with the herbicide atrazine at 6 L/ha, along with a control (distilled water). Atrazine reduced the emergence of Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja females, but increased that of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, and Trichogramma soaresi Nagaraja. In addition, atrazine reduced the sex ratio of T. bruni, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, and Trichogramma bennetti Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, and increased that of T. demoraesi and T. soaresi. The herbicide was slightly harmful to T. bennetti and T. bruni, but was relatively harmless to the other species of Trichogrammatidae based on the standards of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC).
Effects of duration of cold storage of host eggs on percent parasitism and adult emergence of each of Ten Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) species
(Florida Entomologist, 2014-03) Spínola- Filho, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Tuffi- Santos, Leonardo David; Zanuncio, José Cola
Improving parasitoid mass rearing techniques is important to reduce costs of biological control programs and supply natural enemies at times of high demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs stored at 5 °C for different time periods as a host for Trichogrammatoidea annulata (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and for 9 Trichogramma species (T. acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. benneti, T. brasiliensis, T. bruni, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, T. pretiosum, and T. soaresi). The experiment had a factorial design with 10 parasitoid species, 9 host storage periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days, and a no storage control) and 20 replications, each consisting of one card (0.4 × 2.0 cm) with 40.70 ± 0.03 eggs of A. kuehniella. Trichogrammatoidea annulata, T. acacioi, T. brasiliensis, T. bruni, T. pretiosum, and T. soaresi parasitized eggs of A. kuehniella stored up to 24 days; T. atopovirilia parasitized eggs stored up to 16 days. Trichogramma demoraesi and T. benneti parasitized eggs stored for 15 days and T. galloi parasitized eggs stored for up to 13 days. The percentage of parasitized eggs decreased when the storage period increased. Among the tested parasitoids T. acacioi parasitized eggs stored for longer periods and showed the highest percentage both of parasitism and adult emergence.
Effects of environmental and architectural diversity of Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) on Edessa ruformaginata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its biology
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2015-03-30) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Lopes, Paulo Sérgio Nascimento; Zanuncio, José Cola; Martins, Cristina de Paula Santos; Moreira, Thiago Marçal Borges; Costa, Renildo Ismael Félix da
We studied the effect of environmental complexity and plant architecture on the abundance and biology of Edessa rufomarginata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) bugs in pastures and cerrado areas. We observed higher numbers of bugs on Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees in the cerrado than in the pasture areas. The bugs were more abundant on leaves and branches than they were on fruits. The fruit production of Caryocar brasiliense was higher in the pastures than in the cerrado areas. The abundance of bugs was affect positively by aluminum, organic matter, and tree height but was affected negatively by soil pH. The productivity of C. brasiliense was correlated negatively with aluminum, pH, and number of bugs but was correlated positively with phosphorus and calcium. The number of eggs per clutch was 14.3, the viability was 93% and the embryonic period was 6.9 days. We observed four nymphal instars, the sex ratio was 0.43, and the duration of the life cycle of E. rufomarginata was 156 days. We did not obtain eggs from the adults (F1), which indicated that the leaves were not a good food resource. A diverse environment and high plant crown structure favored populations of E. rufomarginata. The abundance of and the damage caused by this insect indicate that E. rufomarginata is a potential pest on C. brasiliense trees.
Essential oils cause detrimental effects on biological parameters of Trichogramma galloi immatures
(Journal of Pest Science, 2018-03) Parreira, Douglas Silva; Cruz, Ricardo Alcántara-de la; Zanuncio, José Cola; Lemes, Pedro Guilherme; Rolim, Gabriela da Silva; Barbosa, Leonardo Rodrigues; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Serrão, José Eduardo
Essential oils from botanical extracts used for insect pest control should be both effective and have low impact on natural enemies. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ten essential oils on the biological and reproductive parameters in two Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) generations. The emergence F1 generation of T. galloi was reduced by more than 30% with Allium sativum, Carapa guianensis, Citrus sinensis, Neem and Syzygium aromaticum. Zingiber officinale reduced the T. galloi emergence of the F1 and F2 generations by between 30 and 99%. The longevity of the F1 generation was reduced by more than 50% with Z. officinale at the pre-pupae and pupae stages. All oils reduced the parasitism rate of the F1 generation in the egg-larva and pre-pupa stages. Allium sativum, C. guianensis and C. sinensis, Neem and Origanum vulgare reduced parasitism by between 30 and 79%. Zingiber officinale was slightly and moderately harmful to the F1 and F2 generations, respectively, for the T. galloi parasitism. The sex ratio of the two T. galloi generations was not affected by the essential oils. The low side effects of the oils on the F2 generation, except for Z. officinale (the most harmful oil), suggest that T. galloi developed some post-transgenerational tolerance/resistance mechanisms to these oils and/or their components. The A. sativum, C. guianensis, C. sinensis, Neem, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum and Z. officinale oils were not selective for T. galloi. Mentha piperita, Piper nigrum and Thymus vulgaris essential oils can be included in integrated pest management programs for this parasitoid.
Factors affecting colonization and abundance of Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on okra plantations
(Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 2007-03) Picanço, Marcelo; Zanuncio, José Cola; Gusmão, Marcos Rafael; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin
The control of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) (Malvaceae) consist primarily in the use of insecticides, due to the lack of information on other mortality factors. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of predators and parasitoids, height of canopy, plant age, leaf areas, organic compounds leaves, levels of leaf nitrogen and potassium, density of leaf trichomes, total rainfall and median temperature on attack intensity of A. gossypii on two successive A. esculentus var. Santa Cruz plantations. Monthly number estimates of A. gossypii and natural enemies (visual inspection) occurred on bottom, middle and apical parts of 30 plants/plantation (one leaf/plant). Plants senescence, leaf areas and natural enemies, mainly Adialytus spp., spiders and Coccinellidae, were some of the factors that most contributed to aphid reduction. A higher number of aphids was found on the bottom part than medium and apical parts of okra plants. Total rainfall can reduce the aphid population. Trichomes non-glandular or low density, organic compounds leaves and levels of N and K were not important for reducing aphid population.
Factors affecting herbivory of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the eggplant (Solanum melongena)
(Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2006-05) Picanço, Marcelo; Zanuncio, José Cola; Ecole, Carvalho Carlos; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of total rainfall, mean temperature, natural enemies, chemical composition of leaves, levels of nitrogen and potassium on leaves and density of leaf trichomes on attack intensity of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on plantations of the eggplant (Solanum melongena) in two regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Higher numbers of A. gossypii/leaf and T. palmi/leaf were observed in plantations of this eggplant in the Municipalities of Viçosa and Guidoval, respectively. Guidoval had a rainy and hotter weather than Viçosa. T. palmi was almost positivelly correlated with rainfall (r= 0.49, P= 0.0538) while A. gossypii seemed to be more affected by mean temperature (r= -0.31; P= 0.1134). Higher number of aphids in eggplants in Viçosa than in Guidoval could be explained by the higher number of natural enemies such as Adialytus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) and Exochomus bimaculosus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla spp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in this municipality. However, only Adialytus spp. was significativelly correlated with aphid populations. Higher number of T. palmi in eggplant plantations of Guidoval than in Viçosa could be due to the absence of its possible Eulophidae parasitoid in the first municipality. The spiders were significativelly correlated with this pest in both municipalities.
Factors affecting the attack rate of Bemisia tabaci on cucumber
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2006-05-08) Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Picanço, Marcelo; Guedes, Raul Narciso Carvalho; Ecole, Carvalho Carlos
The objective of this work was to determine the effects of rainfall, temperature, predators, parasitoids, plant age, leaf chemical composition, levels of leaf nitrogen and potassium, besides density of leaf trichomes, on attack intensity of Bemisia tabaci biotype B on the Cucumis sativus. An increase in the number of whitefly adults and nymphs per leaf was observed with plant aging. A higher number of whitefly adults per leaf and eggs cm-2 was verified in the apical part than in the middle and bottom part of the plants canopy. However, the higher number of whitefly nymphs was observed in the mid-part than in the apical and bottom part of the plant canopy. The incidence of whitefly nymphs was negatively affected with foliar nitrogen. Pentacosane and octacosane positively affected whitefly adults and the first compound also affected the nymphs of this pest species.
Functional and numerical responses and reproduction of Campoletis flavicincta parasitizing Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2012-06-26) Zanuncio, José Cola; Matos Neto, Fausto da Costa; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Cruz, Ivan; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Serrão, José Eduardo
The functional and numerical responses, reproductive characteristics, and viability of Campoletis flavicincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as well as the mortality after parasitism of the host Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were analyzed in the laboratory. Campoletis flavicincta pairs were maintained until female death with 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 caterpillars day-1 of the host S. frugiperda. A type III functional response curve was fitted to the average number of caterpillars supplied per day during the female wasp lifespan, as the explanatory variable. The handling time was 0.5940 ± 0.0875h, and the instantaneous search 0.0047 ± 0.0020 h-1. The functional response for each of the first five days of the host was a type III. The longevity at the five host densities and the parasitism rate showed a significant linear decrease with the host density. The offspring production showed an increasing quadratic variation with increased host density. The production of females by C. flavicincta, the offspring sex ratio, the viability of the parasitoid pupae and the percentage of mortality of S. frugiperda caterpillars were not affected by host density. The functional and numerical responses of C. flavicincta indicate that this parasitoid could be a candidate for biological control of S. frugiperda.
Himenópteros associados a Solanum gilo raddi (Solanaceae)
(Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1997-12) Picanço, Marcelo; Casali, Vicente Wagner Dias; Oliveira, Ivênio Rubens de; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin
The Hymenoptera fauna associated to Solanum gilo was studied. There were 21 species of Hymenoptera from eight families. It was observed Homalotylus flaminus (Dalman, 1820) (Encyrtidae) parasiting the adults of Cycloneda sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and Chalcididae parasiting caterpillars of Mechanitis pofymnia casabranca Haensch, 1905 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiinae, Sthomiinae). Vespidae were observed preying both M. pofymnia casabranca and Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) adults. Halictidae, Andrenidae and Anthophoridae, were observed visiting flowers and Trigona spinipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Apidae) attacking fruits and stem ápices. The most abundant Hymenoptera were Formicidae; Cremalogaster sp. and Camponotus rufipes (Fabricus, 1775) were observed in protocooperation relation with Homoptera, the main cause of plant mortality was Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855). Higher population density of Formicidae occurred on the final phase of cultivation, when there were high insolation and temperature and low pluvial precipitations.
Immunity of an alternative host can be overcome by higher densities of its parasitoids Palmistichus elaeisis and Trichospilus diatraeae
(PLoS One, 2010-10-13) Andrade, Gilberto Santos; Zanuncio, José Cola; Zanuncio, Teresinha Vinha; Serrão, José Eduardo; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antonio
Interactions of the parasitoids Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle and Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with its alternative host Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affect the success or failure of the mass production of these parasitoids for use in integrated pest management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the cellular defense and encapsulation ability of A. gemmatalis pupae against P. elaeisis or T. diatraeae in adult parasitoid densities of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13 parasitoids/pupae. We evaluated the total quantity of circulating hemocytes and the encapsulation rate versus density. Increasing parasitoid density reduced the total number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and the encapsulation rate by parasitized pupae. Furthermore, densities of P. elaeisis above 5 parasitoids/pupae caused higher reduction in total hemocyte numbers. The encapsulation rate fell with increasing parasitoid density. However, parasitic invasion by both species induced generally similar responses. The reduction in defensive capacity of A. gemmatalis is related to the adjustment of the density of these parasitoids to their development in this host. Thus, the role of the density of P. elaeisis or T. diatraeae by pupa is induced suppression of cellular defense and encapsulation of the host, even without them possesses a co-evolutionary history. Furthermore, these findings can predict the success of P. elaeisis and T. diatraeae in the control of insect pests through the use of immunology as a tool for evaluation of natural enemies.
Intensity of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) attacks on Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Leaves
(Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 2004-01) Picanço, Marcelo; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Jham, Gulab Newandran; Marquini, Flávio
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of height of leaves in the canopy of plants, leaf organic compounds, concentrations of leaf nitrogen and potassium, leaf trichomes and cristalliferous idioblasts densities on the attack intensity of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Santa Clara) crops by Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae), under field conditions. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, with three replications, each being one tomato crop. Analysis of variance and the Tukey s multiple range test (5% significance) were used to test the effect of canopy height, trichome and cristalliferous idioblasts densities on the number of mines produced by T. absoluta and Liriomyza spp. and on the number of T. absoluta eggs. Pearson s correlation (5% significance) was used to evaluate the relationships between leaf organic compounds, leaf N and K concentrations, leaf trichome and cristalliferous idioblasts densities and the number of mines produced by T. absoluta and Liriomyza spp. and the number of T. absoluta eggs. Highest insect attack occurred in the final stage of the culture. A higher number of Liriomyza spp. mines/leaf was recorded in the lower (1.50) than in the upper (0.02) level of the tomato plants, the opposite was observed for the number of T. absoluta eggs/leaf (0.13 and 0.57, respectively). The number of T. absoluta mines/leaf concentrated more on the median (10.23) and apical regions (8.63) than on the basal (4.93). No significant effect of the trichomes and cristalliferous idioblasts densities of leaves was noted on T. absoluta and Liriomyza ssp. populations. Apparently, the terpenes affected oviposition of T. absoluta while leaf potassium affected Liriomyza spp. attack.