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Navegando por Autor "Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes"

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    Biodiversity conservation gaps in the Brazilian protected areas
    (Scientific Reports, 2017-08-22) Oliveira, Ubirajara; Soares-Filho, Britaldo Silveira; Paglia, Adriano Pereira; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Carvalho, Claudio J. B. de; Silva, Dasniel Paiva; Rezende, Daniella T.; Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes; Batista, João Aguiar Nogueira; Barbosa, João Paulo Peixoto Pena; Stehmann, João Renato; Ascher, John S.; Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de; Marco, Paulo De; Löwenberg-Neto, Peter; Ferro, Viviane Gianluppi; Santos, Adalberto J.
    Although Brazil is a megadiverse country and thus a conservation priority, no study has yet quantified conservation gaps in the Brazilian protected areas (PAs) using extensive empirical data. Here, we evaluate the degree of biodiversity protection and knowledge within all the Brazilian PAs through a gap analysis of vertebrate, arthropod and angiosperm occurrences and phylogenetic data. Our results show that the knowledge on biodiversity in most Brazilian PAs remain scant as 71% of PAs have less than 0.01 species records per km2. Almost 55% of Brazilian species and about 40% of evolutionary lineages are not found in PAs, while most species have less than 30% of their geographic distribution within PAs. Moreover, the current PA network fails to protect the majority of endemic species. Most importantly, these results are similar for all taxonomic groups analysed here. The methods and results of our countrywide assessment are suggested to help design further inventories in order to map and secure the key biodiversity of the Brazilian PAs. In addition, our study illustrates the most common biodiversity knowledge shortfalls in the tropics.
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    Past vicariance promoting deep genetic divergence in an endemic frog species of the Espinhac ̧o Range in Brazil: The historical biogeography of Bokermannohyla saxicola (Hylidae)
    (Plos One, 2018) Nascimento, Augusto César; Chaves, Anderson Vieira; Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes; Eterovick, Paula Cabral; Santos, Fabrício Rodrigues dos
    The highland endemic frog Bokermannohyla saxicola occurs within the Espinhaço Range, the most extensive and continuous orogenic belt of the Brazilian territory, located in southeastern Brazil. We used mitochondrial DNA markers to test for spatial structure, to investigate the likely influence of past vicariant events, to evaluate demographic dynamics along the species range, and to understand the role of habitat discontinuities in promoting connectivity and diversity along the range. We found four major monophyletic lineages, each one associated with distinct mountain tops. The divergence time found between the four main clades clearly pre-dated the Pleistocene, except for the most recent separation. We observed no signs of population expansion for most of the sampling sites along the range, and a higher genetic diversity in the most continuous and central highland plateau, compared to smaller marginal regions. The Espinhaço Range harbors four deeply divergent lineages of B. saxicola within areas restricted by barriers for millions of years. These relatively isolated populations were kept apart by discontinuities represented by lowland habitats between mountain tops. Most of the lineage divergences occurred earlier than the Pleistocene, thus they cannot be solely explained by climatic oscillations of this epoch. However, within-lineage divergence times were all dated from the Pleistocene, suggesting an important effect in population dynamics. We also suggest that some marginal populations like those from Serra Negra and Serra de Itacambira can be the result of recent colonization events. Finally, in the southern Espinhaço region, the most continuous central highland area shows greater genetic diversity than the marginal discontinuous areas, where we have also observed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Bokermannohyla saxicola is a good model to study the biogeography of the Espinhaço Range because its high genetic structure reflects ancient as well as recent geological/climatic events, with important implications for conservation.
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    The tadpoles of the neotropical Scinax catharinae group (Anura, Hylidae): Ecomorphology and descriptions of two new forms
    (Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 2016-02-20) Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes; Pezzuti, Tiago Leite; Fernandes, Igor Rodrigues; Sousa, Carlos Eduardo de; Garcia, Paulo Christiano Anchietta; Feres, Denise Rossa
    Herein we provide novel data on the external morphological features and natural history of the tadpoles of Scinax canastrensis and Scinax carnevallii, two poorly known tree frog species occurring in southeastern Brazil. Both species share characteristics with all other species of the Scinax catharinae group, including oral discs not emarginated with the posterior margin concave when closed, many submarginal papillae laterally, circular nostrils, and vent tubes reaching the ventral fin margin. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics applied to 16 species of the S. catharinae group indicate that their tadpoles have substantial variation in body shape, yet with some overlap among species. Although the lentic/lotic habitat categorization was not sufficient for explaining the complex patterns of morphospace occupancy by tadpoles of S. catharinae group, some well-established ecomorphological relationships were recovered, such as that for suctorial and pond-type guilds. Moreover, the morphological diversity in shape may also reflect interspecific variation in microhabitat use, other contemporary factors (e.g., other abiotic habitat components and/or biological interactions) and evolutionary relationships.
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