Efeitos do amendoim com e sem pele na composição corporal, no perfil lipídico e no processo inflamatório e oxidativo de mulheres obesas em dieta restritiva

Abstract

O consumo do amendoim está associado à redução do risco das doenças cardiovasculares e manutenção do peso corporal, por conter em sua composição ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI), fibras, arginina, vitamina E, ácido fólico, resveratrol, β- sitosterol e quercetina. O presente trabalho visou avaliar possíveis benefícios promovidos pelo consumo de amendoim com ou sem pele na redução de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas em mulheres obesas submetidas à dieta de restrição calórica. Foram selecionadas 24 voluntárias obesas, entre 20 e 50 anos, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 30kg/m 2 e com variação de peso inferior a 5kg nos últimos seis meses. As voluntárias foram submetidas à dieta restritiva (com redução de 250kcal/dia) e divididas de forma aleatória em três grupos, AMCP (dieta restritiva com consumo de 56g de amendoim torrado com pele), AMSP (dieta restritiva com consumo de 56g de amendoim torrado sem pele) e SAM (somente dieta restritiva) durante oito semanas. Foram realizadas avaliações de ingestão dietética, antropométricas, de composição corporal e gasto energético, pressão arterial, hemograma completo, perfil lipídico, marcadores de inflamação e oxidação. As análises foram realizadas com auxílio do software SPSS versão 13.0, adotando o nível de significância p≤ 0,05. AMCP e AMSP apresentaram perda de peso (p= 0,007). Houve redução da CC em todos os grupos, da CQ para o AMCP, do GCT (%) em todos os grupos e aumento do MM (%) em todos os grupos. Houve manutenção da ingestão dietética ao longo do estudo, com aumento na proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados/ ácidos graxos saturados (AGI/AGS) nos grupos testes. Houve redução na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) para todos os grupos, assim como redução no colesterol total para o AMCP (p=0,025) e AMSP (p=0,032), no LDL- colesterol para o AMCP (p=0,048) e AMSP (0,036), na concentração plasmática de plaquetas (p=0,039) e homocisteína (0,013) para o AMCP. Nos demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve mudança significativa. Foi observada maior perda de peso nos grupos que ingeriram amendoim, com consequente melhora no perfil lipídico e na concentração plasmática de plaquetas e homocisteína no AMCP, provavelmente este efeito foi devido à presença de compostos bioativos na pele do amendoim. Assim, é recomendado o consumo do amendoim com pele, devido aos efeitos adicionais positivos.

The consumption of peanuts is associated with reduced CVD and weight maintenance. Peanut contains good quality of fatty acid composition such as the AGMI, fiber, arginine, vitamin E, folic acid, resveratrol, quercetin and β-sitosterol, thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate possible benefits promoted by the consumption of peanuts with or without skin in order to reduce risk factors for chronic diseases in obese women submitted to calorie restriction diet. Therefore 26 obese volunteers were recruited, aged 18 to 50 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 and with variation of less than 5 kg over the past six months. The volunteers were subjected to restricted diet (minus 250 kcal/day) and randomly divided into three groups, WP (restrictive diet with intake of 56 g of roasted whole peanut), SP (restrictive diet with intake of 56 g skinned peanut roasted) and NP (only restricted diet, no peanut) during 8 weeks. We evaluated dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, body composition and energy expenditure, blood pressure, complete blood count, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and oxidation. The data passed the normality test Shapiro Wilks to evaluate the homogeneity of sample distribution. All tests were performed by SPSS version 13.0, adopting a significance level of p ≤ 0.005. There was a reduction in weight for all groups, but group WP and SP lost weight significantly (p = 0.007) compared to the NP, so the test groups had a significant reduction in BMI, a reduction of WC (waist circunference) in all groups, HC (hip circunference) reduction to the WP, %FM (percentual of fat mass) reduction in all groups and increased %FFM (fat free mass) in all groups. There was a maintenance dietary intake throughout the study, with an increase in the proportion of UFAs / AGSs (unsaturated fatty acids/ saturated fatty acids) in test groups. It was possible to notice reduction in both SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in all groups, reduction in total cholesterol to WP (p = 0.025) and SP (p = 0.032), LDL- cholesterol to the WP (p = 0.048) and SP (0.036), significant reduction in plasma concentration of platelets (p = 0.039) and homocysteine (0.013) for WP. Regarding other parameters there was no significant change. A restrictive diet with good lipid profile can promote weight loss and improve health; the present work shows a greater weight loss in the test groups with ingestion of peanut, with consequent improvement in lipid profile, merit ascribed to insertion of peanuts in the diet. Another point to be mentioned is the observed improvement in platelets and plasma homocysteine at WP probably due to the presence of bioactive compounds in peanut skin. This work contributed to the understanding of the importance of energy restriction in obese individuals and their insertion balanced foods, nutrients and bioactive compounds that can improve health conditions. We observed greater weight loss in the groups that ingested peanuts, with consequent improvement in lipid profile and the concentration of platelets and plasma homocysteine, in WP, this effect was probably due to presence of bioactive compounds in the skin of peanuts. Thus, it is recommended the consumption of peanuts with the skin, due to additional positive effects.