Participação feminina no mercado de trabalho: análise de decomposição para o Brasil e as regiões metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte e Salvador

Abstract

A participação feminina no mercado de trabalho nacional tem crescido nas últimas décadas, sendo também marcante nas Regiões Metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte e Salvador. Neste trabalho, por meio da decomposição univariada, determinou-se como diferentes grupos de mulheres brasileiras e das regiões metropolitanas consideradas contribuíram para a evolução da taxa de atividade feminina entre os anos de 1986 e 2006 em seus respectivos mercados. Os resultados mostraram que a mudança nas taxas de participação específicas de cada grupo foram responsáveis pela maior parte do aumento da inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho, sendo o restante explicado pela elevação do número de anos de estudo entre as mulheres.

Women’s participation in the Brazilian labor market has grown in the last decades, being also outstanding in the metropolitan regions in Belo Horizonte and Salvador. Therefore, by means of the univariate decomposition, it was determined as groups of women – in terms of education, position in the household and number of children, among other characteristics – contributed for the evolution of the female activity rate from 1986 to 2006, in the previously cited labor market. It was found that the changes in the rates of specific participation of each group was responsible for most of the increase in the female insertion in the economic activities and the others were explained by the raise in the number of years spent by the women in education. Thus, it is concluded that women with many different characteristics increased their participation in the labor market. Due to the similarity of the results with the regarded markets, it was not found a significant regional factor in the increase in the number of workers.