Produtividade do tomateiro em ambiente protegido no solo e em substratos

Abstract

Objetivou-se determinar a produtividade e os teores de nutrientes na folha do tomateiro, cv. Carmen, cultivado no solo e em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi conduzido na UFV, em ambiente protegido, durante 133 dias, com seis tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram: 1) testemunha, plantio no solo seguindo-se o modo tradicional; 2) FITO- 2, plantio em saco plástico contendo substrato (25% de composto + 75% de areia) adubado com micro e macronutrientes, exceto nitrogênio (N) e potássio, que foram aplicados por fertirrigação; 3) FITO-2 + N, idem ao tratamento 2, com 50 % a mais de nitrogênio; 4) subsolo, idem ao tratamento 2, sendo utilizado como substrato o subsolo; 5) serragem + carvão: idem ao tratamento 2, sendo o substrato 50% de carvão e 50% de serragem; 6- comercial: idem ao sistema 2 com o substrato Plantmax ® (comprado no mercado). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre os teores dos nutrientes na folha, e o oposto acorreu com as produções de frutos comercial e ponderada. A produtividade comercial obtida no solo foi de 92 t ha^ -1 e, nos substratos, variou de 89 a 112 t ha^ -1 nos tratamentos 5 e 3, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os substratos permitiram obter produtividade de tomate similar à obtida no solo.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of planting tomato, cv. Carmen, in soil and in different substrates on leaf nutrient content and fruit yield. The experiment, with six treatments, was set up in an unheated greenhouse, at UFV, Viçosa, and lasted 133 days. The treatments included: 1) a check plot, consisting of transplants in the unheated greenhouse soil, as carried out by growers; 2) FITO-2, consisting of transplants in plastic bags containing 9 dm 3 of organic compost and sand as substrate, fertilized with micro and macronutrients, except nitrogen (N) and potassium, which were applied through drip irrigation; 3) FITO-2 + N, similar to the previous treatment, with 50% more nitrogen; 4) subsoil, similar to treatment 2, with the substrate consisting of subsoil; 5) coal + sawdust, similar to treatment 2, with the substrate consisting of a mixture of 50% coal and 50% sawdust (v/v); 6) commercial, similar to treatment 2, with the substrate consisting of a commercial mixture bought at the market. The experiment was arranged in a randomized blocks design with six replications. Nutrient content in leaves was affected by treatments, with the opposite occurring with marketable and weighted fruit yields. Marketable fruit yield obtained in soil was 92 t ha^ -1 , and in the different substrates ranged from 89 to 112 t ha^ -1 in treatment 5 and 3, respectively. It is concluded that all substrates led to a tomato yield similar to that obtained in soil.